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Gateway Topics Practice 2013
HOW TO USE THIS HANDOUT
 Please go to the following website: http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/
 Under find a track enter the following in view track #448766
 Then click on Go
 Click on the view in frames tab at the bottom to begin this program

You will see the screen below

The website that you will use will show up in the large portion of the screen. You may click on different portions of this
to navigate around the website.
The instructions and questions for each website are in the top section. Use the slide bar to see all questions.
On the left side are the sites for the track. You will click on each one of these to change to the next section of your
worksheet. To get a bigger view of the website hold the control key and hit F11.


Ecological Changes: Succession (website 1)
Begins with bare rock exposed by geologic activity- no soil;
example: rock lichen  moss  grass  shrub  trees  oak hickory forest.
May occur on a new island formed by a volcanic eruption or on the rubble that
remains after a glacier recedes
1. Define primary succession.
Begins on soil from which previous community has been
has been removed (by fire, agriculture, etc.) old field succession: example grass
 shrub  trees  oak history forest. Secondary succession can proceed
much faster because the soil has been prepared by the precious community.
2. Define secondary succession.
3. List trends in succession. Early
seral stages are highly productive but require large inputs of
nutrients and also tend to lose nutrients. Biomass increases, but there is low productivity
and fluctuations in biomass are common. These seral stages are dominated by "weedy" or
"r-adapted" species which reproduce quickly, but often die young. Most of their energy goes
into reproduction. There are relatively few species in early seral stages.
Climax seral stages are much more complex, with many species. They create a favorable
environment for many species. Biomass does not fluctuate, and decomposition rates are
roughly equivalent to new production. Nutrients are cycled efficiently, and rarely leave the
ecosystem. Individual organisms are longer-lived, since they invest more resources in
themselves and less in producing offspring.
Locally, a recently cleared field is an example of an early seral stage. It is colonized by
grasses and other plants that produce many seeds, such as many annuals. These plants
may live only one year, set seed, then die. The organisms in the field will not be able to
cycle all of the nutrients, and many nutrients will run off with rainfall. On the other hand, the
climax forest is characterized by trees, which are long-lived. There are many species, and
each provides living space and food resources for other plants and a host of animals.
Decomposing materials are recycled; few escape though the waters of the forest streams.
4. Read each of the case studies and jot down some notes in your table.
Case Study Topic
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Notes
Bare rock with lichen and algae; some cracks with soil; larger cracks can start to support small plant
life
Lakes are filling in and becoming land
Dune Succession
Sand can be tossed around during storms. If wind blows it-forms dunes. If plants can take root, then
the dune can be stabilized. Mangrove roots can further protect the shore from storms.
Small Scale Succession Tortoise builds burrows in sands; burros offer refuge for animals; sand nutrients collects in burrows
allowing the plants to grow quickly! Then secondary can begin.
Clear Cutting
Secondary succession begins on clear cut land. Timber companies replant forest which speeds up
succession but b/c the trees are genetically similar and of the same age, limited habitats= not diverse
Old Field
Abandoned pasture; grasses will be replaced by perennials and eventually larger trees and at last a
mature forest
Ecological Changes: food webs (website 2)
1. Select one of the four food webs to complete and then diagram it here.
2. Describe your food web in a few sentences. Use/underline these vocabulary words: producer, energy, herbivore, omnivore,
consumer, carnivore, and decomposer. Be sure to make it clear you understand the meaning of each of these words.
3. If all of a sudden there is an increase of a predator in your food web, what would happen? Explain using J/S curves.
Nearly all populations will tend to grow exponentially as long as there
are resources available (like the J curve) there is no limit to
population size. Most populations have the potential to expand at an
exponential rate since reproduction is generally a multiplicative
process. Two of the most basic factors that affect the rate of growth
are the birth rate and the death rate. The intrinsic rate of increase is
the birth rate minus the death rate.
The logistic curve or S curve shows the effect of a limiting factor such
as a new predator being introduced. This would restrict growth
because of the decrease in the prey.
Adaptation: Interdependence (website 3)
1. Complete the activity by identifying each of the biotic organisms in this ecosystem and fill them in your chart.
Biotic
Abiotic

Fox

Caterpillar

Dirt water

Tree

Owl

Air

Snail

Squirrel

Rocks

Worm

Bird

Sunlight
2. Then identify at least three things from a woodland habitat similar to this one that could be considered abiotic and record
them in the table above.
3. Then click sorter 1 and copy the diagram below.
4. Then click sorter 2 and copy the diagram below.
5. Now click on quiz and try the problems. Record the correct answers and your final score below.
Quiz Question
Answer
1. Which of these animals are you most likely to find in a woodland habitat?
2. Why do squirrels need trees and plants?
3. What does an oak tree need to grow?
4. Animals help plants in different ways. Which of these is NOT true?
5. A ‘producer’ uses energy from the Sun to make food. Which of these is NOT a producer?
Fox
b/c trees & plants provide food
and shelter
Sunlight, air, water
Animals help plants by bringing
them food
Caterpillar
6. A ‘consumer’ gets its food by eating other organisms. Which of these is NOT a consumer?
A holly bush
7. What do you always find at the start of a food chain or web?
A green plant
b/c plants can absorb the sun’s
energy to produce food
Take in water from the soil
Plants and animals need each
other
8. Why do food chains and food webs start with green plants?
9. What do the roots of a plant do?
10. Which of these is true?
Final Score
Adaptation: Adapt to Survive (website 4)
1. Choose start game and then click on the buttons on the projector to select and animal. Record the animal and their
adaptation in your table.
2. Then choose the environmental influence from the five choices on the right that you think caused this adaptation. You
can do this activity multiple times and it will give you different animals and adaptations.
3. Adaptations are gradual changes in biological traits of organisms due to mutations. These adaptations can be
structure like the shape of a beak, physiological (make a web), or behavioral (migrations) based on their niches.
Determine the type of adaptation each animal goes through.
Here is some extra background info if you are having trouble:
Structural adaptation, as a process, refers to the development of structural traits over time. Adaptation
occurs due to evolution by mutation and natural selection. Examples include the gradual lengthening of the
giraffe's neck over thousands of years, as animals with slightly longer necks out-competed their shorternecked contemporaries and the trait was passed on and reinforced with each successive generation.
Another example is the development of different beak types by the various species of Darwin's finches.
Groups of a single species were spread out between separate islands on which different food sources were
available. As a consequence, the different groups developed different beak types to enable them to take
advantage of the most abundant source of food.
Read more: Difference Between Physiological and Structural Adaptation | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/info_8580104_difference-between-physiological-structuraladaptation.html#ixzz2Of3X9qUm
This refers to the manner in which physiological processes developed in organisms over time. An example is
the development of the mammalian ability to produce milk, which arose from the existing physiological
ability to sweat. Physiological traits and their development rely on the evolution of structural traits. For
example, mammary glands must develop in order for an organism to produce milk. At the same time, the
physiological ability to grow these structural traits must be developed. Essentially these are two sides of the
same coin, and whether you define something physiologically or structurally depends on the context in
which you are discussing it.
Read more: Difference Between Physiological and Structural Adaptation | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/info_8580104_difference-between-physiological-structuraladaptation.html#ixzz2Of3i9CwH
All organisms have adaptations that help them survive and thrive. Some adaptations are structural.
Structural adaptations are physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear. Other
adaptations are behavioral. Behavioral adaptations are the things organisms do to survive. For example,
bird calls and migration are behavioral adaptations
Animal
Adaptation
Environmental Influence
Type (structural, physiological, or behavioral)
Example: polar bears
White fur to blend w/ snow &
black skin to absorb NRG- sun
White fur- shelter/protection
Back skin- climate
White fur- structural
Black skin- structural
Flamingo
Bill filters food from H2O
Food
Structural
Anteater
Food
Structural
Giraffe
Long snout and sticky
saliva
Long neck
Food
Structural
Eagle
Sharp hooked beak
Food
Structural
Marine iguana
Can drink salt water
Water
Physiological
Meerkat
Dark fur around eyes
Climate
Structural
Porcupine
Long claws to burrow
Shelter/ protection
Structural
Moray Eel
Mouth opens and closes
all day
Oxygen
Physiological
Stick Insect
Camouflage
Shelter/protection
Structural or physiological
Jack rabbit
Gets moisture from plants
Water
Physiological
Bat
Sonar
Big ears
Paws to climb
Food
Food
Physiological
Structural
Structural
Nostrils have valves to
close under water
Changes color to blend
with environments
Big nostrils on top of nose
Oxygen
Structural
Shelter/ protection
Physiological or structural
Oxygen
Structural
Water
Climate
Claws- structural
Digging- behavioral
Structural
Climate
Structural
Shelter/ protection
Behavioral
Shelter/protection
Physiological
Oxygen
Structural
Koala
Manatee
Seahorse
Hippopotamus
Kangaroo
Sharp powerful claws to
dig
Feet like snowshoes
Artic hare
Camel
Whale
Heavy fur and fatty hump
to insulate from heat
Live in tentacles of
poisonous anemone
Special hairs that grow
algae
Exhales from top of head
Toucan
Long bill
Food
Structural
Chameleon
Panda
Long sticky tongue
Changes colors
Thick fur
Food
Shelter/ protection
Climate
Structural
Physiological
Structural
Nurse shark
Pump water over its gills
Oxygen
Physiological
Clown fish
*example of mutalism
Sloth
Check out this website as well about some of the different biomes and adaptations of plants and animals:
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
Adaptation: Dichotomous Key (website 5)
1. Choose one of the 8 Norns and then follow the dichotomous key to see if it works. Use the answer key if you are having
trouble and then pick another one to try one your own. List the steps you followed below.
A. 1. Has pointed ears  3. Ears point up  5. No waving  6. Has hair  Beverlus
B. 1. Has pointed ears  3. Ears point down  4. Waves  Dallus
C. 1. Has pointed ears  3. Ears point up  5. No waving  6. No hair  7. No tail, aggressive  Rajus
D. 1. Has rounded ears  2. No tail  Kentuckyus
E. 1. Has pointed ears  3. Ears point down  4. Hair tufts on ears  Californius
F. 1. Has pointed ears 3. Ears point up  5. Waves  Wala Wala
G. 1. Has rounded ears  2. Tail  Dakotus
H. 1. Has pointed ears  3. Ears point up  5. No wave  6. no hair  7. Tail  Yorkio
2. A taxonomic or dichotomous key uses similarities and differences between objects to build a step by step process of
identifying each unique object. Now use the dichotomous key below and identify each type of fish. Write the name in the box
with the picture of the fish.
Peacock
Flounder
Squirrel fish
spotted goat
fish
glassy
sweeper
spotted eagle ray band-tail puffer
Step 1
If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2
If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3
Step 5
If fish has spots, then go to step 6
If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7
Step 2
If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fish
If fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted moray eel
Step 6
If fish has chin "whiskers," it is a spotted goat fish
If fish does not have chin "whiskers," it is a band-tail puffer
Step 3
Step 7
If fish has both eyes on top of the head, then go to step 4
If fish has stripes, then go to step 8
If fish has one eye on each side of the head, then go to step 5 If fish does not have stripes, it is a glassy sweeper
Step 4
If fish has long whip-like tail, it is a spotted eagle ray
If fish has short, blunt tail, it is a peacock flounder
Step 8
If fish has a v-shaped tail, it is a squirrel fish
If fish has a blunt tail, it is a glass-eye snapper
Spotted moray
Ray
glass-eye
snapper
trumpet fish
Adaptation: Symbiotic Relationships (website 6)
1. Define the following terms and give an example of each.
Term
Definition
Example
Symbiosis
A close ecological relationship between the
individuals of two (or more) different species
Humans and dogs
Mutualism
Benefits both species
Shrimp eat parasite off of other
fish
Commensalism
One species benefits while the other is unaffected
Spider build a web in a tree
Parasitism
One species benefits and the other is harmed
Tapeworms, fleas, ticks, barnicles
Competition
Neither species benefits
Cheetah and lions
Neutralism
Both species are unaffected
Rabbits & deer live in the same
habitat but have no interaction
2. What do we call biological partnerships between organisms of different species?
symbiosis
3. How does symbiosis affect feeding relationships within an ecosystem?
Many organisms are completely dependent on others for their food
source ex: protozoans that live inside termites feed off of the wood that termites
ingest, Remora are fish that feed off of the scraps of sharks and get rides from
them. Bees gather nectar and also help to spread pollen from the flowers.
Without symbiotic relationships many organisms within an ecosystem would
cease to exist. With organisms in a food web missing the entire community would
eventually collapse. Organisms are not meant to be independent. Each living thing has
important relationships that affect others making up a strong community.
4. How cooperation and competition coexist in nature?
Cooperation and competition are both ways that organisms interact in an ecosystem. In
cooperation the organisms work together for the good of the individuals involved (a group of
lions trying to take down a large animal to feed the whole pride), but in competition
individuals work against each other in an effort to get resources (food, shelter, mates, etc.).
Remember, if competing organisms are in the same species it is called intraspecific
competition and if they are in different species it is interspecific competition.
Intraspecific - two different cats trying to kill the same mouse for food
Interspecific - a cat and a bird competing for a mouse for food
5. Read each of the excerpts below and identify the type of symbiotic relationship.
A. Boran people of Africa use a bird known as a honey guide to help them and in turn they help the bird. When the
Boran people are looking for honey they follow the bird to lead them to an empty bee's nest. Then the Borans
use smoke and fire to keep the bees away and get out the honey. They leave the larvae and wax which the bird
uses and the smoke keeps bees from stinging the bird.
Type of relationship: ___
mutualism_____
B. Egrets in cattle pastures show commensalism. They eat all the insects that fly off the cows when they are grazing.
Type of relationship: ____
commensalism_____
C. The bilharzia parasite lives in human blood cells and attaches itself. Once attached it lays larvae and then allows
them to slowly bring the host to a slow death, then moves to a new host.
Type of relationship: __
parasitism___
D. “All around the 2 wounded men, the battle for Gettysburg raged. A single shell burst had ended their war, blinding
the soldier in blue, crippling the man in gray. They lay sprawled, talking to each other to ease their plain and
fear of dying; hesitantly at first, then increasingly earnestly. It occurred to them that thirst and exposure to more
fire were their real enemies. If they could get to Spangler’s Spring at the base of Culp’s Hill, they would have
water and shelter. The blind man supported the crippled man, the crippled man directed the blind man.
Together they had the legs and eyes it would take to survive in a hostile world in which neither could survive
independently. Together they limped to water and safety in order to live.”
Type of relationship: __
mutualism___
Genetics: Mitosis and Meiosis (websites 7 & 8)
1. Complete this chart:
Purpose- be specific
Mitosis
Meiosis
Duplicate cells- creating two
new cells with equal numbers
of chromosomes
Duplicate cells to create a new
organism- shuffles the cell's
genes; only has ½ #
chromosomes
1
2
2
4
½ as many as before
division
23 (in humans)
Haploid
# of divisions it has
# of cells you end up with
Amount of chromosomes in each cell
Same as before division
46 (in humans)
What the new cells are called?
(diploid or haploid)
Diploid
2. What do mitosis and meiosis have in common?
Cell replication, duplication, or division
3. What is the “big idea” about mitosis? Be specific.
Simple duplication of a cell like skin cells
4. List and describe the 5 phases of mitosis?

Prophase: the cell gets ready to duplicate, DNA condenses and centrioles move (huddle)
 Metaphase: everything aligns itself, spindles attach to centromes, the DNA lines up
along the central axis and condenses into chromosomes, and the centrioles send out
specialized tubules that connect to the DNA (line of scrimmage)
 Anaphase: the separation begins, ½ the chromosomes are pulled
to each side of the cell and the chromatids split (play begins)
 Telophase: division is finishing up as the cell membrane closes
in and separates the cell(touchdown/ end of play- 2 teams separate)
 Interphase: resting state (90% of the time) maintaining nutrients
and energy, duplicating nucleic acids in preparation for prophase in the future (the week
leading up to the next game)
5. What is the “big idea” about meiosis?
Meiosis happens when it’s time to reproduce an organism
Genetics: DNA (website 9) click on the DNA: structure link to open the PowerPoint
1. DNA contains the
instructions for making proteins within the cell. More specifically the DNA is found on the
chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell.
2. List two reasons why DNA is studied.
 Important for life
 better food crops
 medical benefits
3. Our genes are small sections on our chomosomes.
4. How are DNA and chromosomes related?
Our genes are on chromosomes and chromosomes are made of DNA
5. The shape of a DNA molecule is called a
double helix.
Describe what it looks like or draw it.
6. When a DNA double strand (chromosome) replicates, the strand unzips and the original strand serves as the template for the
new strand that is forming. (The remainder of the power point will focus on one strand after it has been unzipped.)
7. The backbone of a DNA strand is
phosphate and deoxyribose sugar.
The parts that connect the two strands are
nigrogeneous bases.
8. A nucleotide is made of one deoxyribose with its phosphate and base.
9. DNA is made of four different bases. Name them and describe how they pair up in a strand of DNA.
 Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

Adenine (A)
 Guanine (G)
10. What holds the bases together? Hydrogen
bonds
You will have to Google the next few questions on your own…
11. What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?
Genotypes: coded inheritable information
Phenotypes: physical traits of the organism
12. The genotype would be like TT and the phenotype would be tall plant.
13. A karyotype is a picture of all 23 pair of chromosomes. It can tell you two different things:
1. the sex of the offspring
2. if there are any genetic disorders
14. Proteins for the cell are made from portions of the DNA called
codons. This is the job of the ribosomes within the cell.
Genetics: Punnett Square (website 10)
1. A Punnett Square is a simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes that can occur
in children, given the genotypes of their parents. It also shows us the odds of each of the offspring genotypes occurring.
2. Define heterozygous: a
genotype consisting of 2 different alleles or a gene for a particular
trait (Example: Aa)
3. Define homozygous: a
genotype consisting of 2 identical alleles of a gene for a particular
trait (Example: homozygous dominant AA or homozygous recessive aa)
4. Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive gene carried by the parents. If both parents carry the recessive gene “a” as well as the dominant
allele “A” then each of the parents are heterozygous (Aa) and do not show any signs of the disease. Fill in the Punnett
Square below. What are the chances of their offspring having the homozygous gene (aa) which could eventually kill their
offspring from this disease?
A
a
A
AA
a
Aa
Aa
aa
Percent of Offspring having CF 25 %
5. It is likely that every one of us is a carrier for a large number of recessive alleles. Some of these alleles can cause lifethreatening defects if they are inherited from both parents. In addition to cystic fibrosis, albinism, and beta-thalassemia
are recessive disorders. Some disorders are caused by dominant alleles for genes. Inheriting just one copy of such a
dominant allele will cause the disorder. This is the case with Huntington disease, achondroplastic dwarfism, and
polydactyly. People who are heterozygous (Aa) are not healthy carriers. They have the disorder just like homozygous
dominant (AA) individuals. If both parents have one dominant allele (Aa) draw the Punnett Square below and list the
percent chance that an offspring would have this disorder (be careful- this is different from the example online. You need
to figure it out on your own!)
A
A
AA
a
Aa
a
Aa
aa
% of Offspring having dominant disorder 75 %
Genetics: Heredity (website 11)
Click on the link that says Tour of the Basics: WHAT IS HEREDITY? and then answer the questions below.
1. The passing of traits from parent to child is called
heredity
2. What two things contribute to our traits? Genes that encode the instructions that define our traits and the
environment that we grow up in.
3. Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes. We get 23 from each parent.
4. Most cells in our body have 46 chromosome while sperm and egg only have
5. When joined together, the sperm and egg cells create a single cell called a
23.
zygote This cell will divide, ultimately
developing a child.
6. Explain why each child inherits a unique set of chromosomes (ie. no two children are just alike).
Each offspring receives 23 random chromosomes from each parent. Because they are
randomly selected, no two children will be the same set of chromosomes.
7. Do identical twins have the exact same set of chromosomes? Why or why not?
Yes, because identical twins are formed from the same zygote.
8. Do fraternal twins have the exact same set of chromosomes? Why or why not?
No, because fraternal twins are formed from two completely different cells just as any
sibling is.
9. Now click on the next link: Tour of the Basics: WHAT IS A TRAIT? Fill in the table below:
Types of traits
Definitions
Examples of genetic influences
Examples of environmental influences
Physical Traits
Characteristics of
one’s physical
makeup
Hair color, eye color,
height
Exposure to sun or dye can change
one’s hair color
Behavioral
Traits
Characteristics of the
way one acts
A sheep dog’s herding instinct
and a retriever’s desire to fetch
You can train a retriever to
roll over and “play dead”
when you toss a ball
Predisposition
to a Medical
Condition
An increased risk of getting a
certain type of disorder
Sickle cell anemia, cystic
fibrosis, heart disease,
cancer, certain types of
mental illness
Eating healthy foods and
exercising can reduce risk
10. Traits influenced by just one gene are
rare. These are called single – gene traits.
11. More often, traits are shaped by more than one gene- and sometimes many. These are called complex
Biological Systems: Life Processes (website 12)
traits.
Read the introduction and click on the following links (nutrition, movement/growth, reproduction, respiration, and
sensitivity/excretion) to learn more about what it means to “be living”:
Life Process
Definition
Animal Application
Plant Application
Grow; respond to
external stimuli (light)
Movement
Moving parts of the
organism
Reproduction
Producing offspring
Sensitivity
Responding and
reacting
Move quickly from
place to place to find
food, shelter, etc…
Sexual, involving two
parents and the union of
two gametes
Asexual, where one
parent reproduces itself.
Examples of this are
strawberry plants or
spider plants producing
runners or offshoots.
Respond to heat,
touch, etc…
Growth
Maturing to adult
size
Young matures to
adult
Seed grows to plant
Excretion
Getting rid of waste
getting rid of
metabolic waste
getting rid of
metabolic waste
Respiration
Turning food into
energy
Energy contained in
food is 'unlocked' or
transferred to the
organism
Energy contained in
food is 'unlocked' or
transferred to the
organism
Nutrition
Getting food to stay
alive
Cannot make own
food
Can make own food
– photosynthesis
Produce by seeds
Sexual and asexual
Respond to light
Use the information in the Track star and this picture to answer the following:
a. What is the mnemonic used to remember the seven basic life processes?
MRS GREN
b. What words do the letters in the mnemonic represent?
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth,
Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
Biological Systems: Complexity of Organisms (website 13) Read and take notes in the chart below. Look for important
scientific vocabulary words as well as examples.
Unicellular Organisms








Multicellular Organisms
One cell
Small in size
Simple structure: contain ribosomes, DNA,
and cell membrane
Most are Prokaryotes
No nucleus (in most)
No internal organs
Can live in areas that are perceived to be
hazardous for human life and are highly
acidic or radioactive in nature
Ex: bacteria, amoeba, yeast, paramecium








More than 1 cell- millions actually
Complex and intricate in their structure and
composition
Many different organs for different funtions
Called Eukaryotes
Have nuclei and organelles
Cells work in tandem to keep life form alive
Bigger in size
Ex: humans, animals, plants, fungi, and
myxozoa (microscopic)
Biological Systems: Levels of Organizations (website 14)
Name
Definition/ Purpose/ Function

Level 1
Cells
Are the basic unit of structure and function
in living things.
 May serve a specific function within the
organism

Level 2
Tissues
Level 3
Organs

Made up of cells that are similar in
structure and function and which work
together to perform a specific activity
Made up of tissues that work together to
perform a specific activity
Example
blood cells, nerve cells,
bone cells, etc.
blood, nervous, bone,
etc. Humans have 4
basic tissues:
connective, epithelial,
muscle, and nerve.
heart, brain, skin, etc.

Level 4
Organ Systems
Groups of two or more tissues that work
together to perform a specific function for
the organism.
 The Human body has 11 organ systems circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory
(urinary), immune(lymphatic),
integumentary, muscular, nervous,
reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal.
circulatory system,
nervous system,
skeletal system, etc.

Level 5
Organisms
Entire living things that can carry out all
basic life processes. Meaning they can take
in materials, release energy from food,
release wastes, grow, respond to the
environment, and reproduce.
 Usually made up of organ systems, but an
organism may be made up of only one cell
such as bacteria or protist.
bacteria, amoeba,
mushroom, sunflower,
human
Biological Systems: Six Kingdoms (website 15)
1. Characteristics of eukaryotic cells:

Have a membrane bound nucleus that contains the DNA

Have membrane bound organelles that allow for specialization

Can be unicellular or multicellular
2. Characteristics of prokaryotic cells:

Do not have a nucleus

Do not have membrane bound organelles

All are unicellular
Kingdom
Structure
Photosynthesis
Bacteria
Unicellular
Sometimes
Archaea
Unicellular
No
Protista
Unicellular
Sometimes
Algae,
amoeba
Fungi
Unicellular or
Multicellular
No
mushroom
Animalia
Multicellular
No
dog
Plantae
Multicellular
Yes
Tree, grass
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Example
Bacteria
(common)
Bacteria
(extreme
environments)
Nutrition: Go to http://www.ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-chemicals-of-life/32-carbohydrates-lipids-and.html and
label the organic compounds as amino acid, lipid, or saccharide in the chart below. Then identify which one belongs to carbs,
fats, and proteins. Use the website http://www.brianmac.co.uk/nutrit.htm to fill in the remainder of the chart.
Group (carb, fat, or protein)
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats
Monosaccharide
57%
4
Bread, pasta,
sugar
Amino acid
13%
4
Meat, nuts, eggs,
dairy
Fatty acids/ lipids
30%
9
Oil, butter, animal
fat like on bacon
Picture
Name of compound in picture
Recommended Daily
Allowance
Calories per gram
Examples
Nutrition: Go to http://www.neok12.com/Health-Nutrition.htm Read about nutrition, watch some of the videos, and then try Quiz
on Nutrition #1 and #2 and record your answers below.
Quiz on Nutrition #1
Nutrition Vocabulary Word
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Fats
Proteins
Dietary Minerals
Dietary Fiber
Antioxidants
Water
Quiz on Nutrition #2
Nutrition Vocabulary Word
Protein
Sodium
Protein
Soluble Fiber
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
Body Mass Index
Trans Fats
Definition
Macronutrients made of sugars and starches that are main source of energy for human body
Micronutrients required for regulating growth and normal metabolic functioning of the body
Nutrients made up of fatty acids that store energy in a concentrated form
Macro nutrients made up of amino acids that help build, maintain, and repair body tissue
Chemical elements (eg. Ca, Fe, Mg) that are required in small amounts by the body
Indigestible plant matter that helps push food, aides digestion, and lowers risk of many diseases
Nutrients that protect cells from the damage of oxidation caused by free radicals (reactive ions)
Vital nutrient that makes up 2/3 of our body and is involved in its every single function
Definition
A food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food ____________.
Processed foods are usually high in ___________ which contributes to high blood pressure.
Eggs, dairy products and meats are classified as good sources of:
Name the plant-based food that can help reduce blood cholesterol levels:
Deficiency of what type of nutrient causes weakness, poor growth and metabolic problems?
What food group is our body’s best source of energy?
A standardized ratio of weight to height that is often used as an indicator of health:
Packaged baked foods are most likely to contain ______ that raise cholesterol levels.