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Transcript
Welcome to Biology 11 Topics Chemicals of life Cells Evolution Taxonomy Microbio Animals Plants Ecology Biology this year! Adaptation and Evolution: A theory to explain relationships between living things Microbiology: The study of microscopic organisms Viruses Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Mycology: The study of fungus Animal biology: The study of animals (you may be surprised!) Kingdoms Porifera and Cnidaria Kingdoms Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Annelida Kingdoms Mollusca and Echinodermata Kingdom Arthropoda Kingdom Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata Plant biology: The study of plants Green Algae, Mosses, Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Ecology: The study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environment Biology 11 Life & its Major Molecules Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the 8 characteristics of life Draw the structure of the 4 molecules of life State the function and examples of the 4 molecules of life The 8 Characteristics of Life 1. All life is made up of at least one cell 2. All life has to eat 3. All life grows - increasing its biomass 4. All life reproduces itself The 8 Characteristics of Life 5. All life responds to its environment 6. All life adapts - evolves - to survive in its environment 7. All life maintains internal and external homeostasis 8. All life ends 4 Molecules of Life Cytoplasm is made of 4 types of molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids These molecules are composed mostly of four elements: H, O, C, & N Video Carbohydrates Function: energy for cell and structure There are 3 types: 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides Carbohydrates Continued Monosaccharides are a single unit of sugar If two monosaccharides are combined together, the result is called a disaccharide If there are many monosaccharides combined, the resulting molecule is a polysaccharide Examples of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, maltose Polysaccharides: Amylose, chitin, glycogen, cellulose Lipids (Fats) There are 3 types: 1. Triglycerides: long term energy storage 2. Steroids: hormones 3. Phospholipids: used to make cell membranes Lipids Continued This is a phospholipid Note: the two fatty acid tails and the one glycerol head Proteins Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids The amino acids link together to form a chain These long chains of amino acids fold up in a very specific way The differences between proteins is the sequence of the amino acids and how they are folded up Nucleic Acids There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA A nucleic acid is made up of small molecules called nucleotides (ACTG&U) Nucleic Acids Continued Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Largest molecule on earth! Fits in to the nucleus and is twisted into a double helix Nucleic Acids Continued Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): there are 3 types 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) All are single stranded and help DNA make proteins Has a U base instead of the T base Nucleic Acids Continued Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) This is the energy molecule of life There are 3 phosphate molecules bonded together The last two have a lot of energy stored in their bonds Video Your Turn! Complete the Bio-Mols Chart ☺