Download Welcome to Biology 11

Welcome to Biology 11
Topics
Chemicals of life
Cells
Evolution
Taxonomy
Microbio
Animals
Plants
Ecology
Biology this year!
Adaptation and Evolution: A theory to explain relationships between living things
Microbiology: The study of microscopic organisms
Viruses
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Mycology: The study of fungus
Animal biology: The study of animals (you may be surprised!)
Kingdoms Porifera and Cnidaria
Kingdoms Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Annelida
Kingdoms Mollusca and Echinodermata
Kingdom Arthropoda
Kingdom Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata
Plant biology: The study of plants
Green Algae, Mosses, Ferns
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Ecology: The study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environment
Biology 11
Life & its Major Molecules
Objectives
By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Describe the 8 characteristics of life
Draw the structure of the 4 molecules of life
State the function and examples of the 4
molecules of life
The 8 Characteristics of Life
1. All life is made up of at least
one cell
2. All life has to eat
3. All life grows - increasing its
biomass
4. All life reproduces itself
The 8 Characteristics of Life
5. All life responds to its environment
6. All life adapts - evolves - to survive in its environment
7. All life maintains internal and external homeostasis
8. All life ends
4 Molecules of Life
Cytoplasm is made of 4 types of molecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
These molecules are composed mostly of four
elements: H, O, C, & N
Video
Carbohydrates
Function: energy for cell and structure
There are 3 types:
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates Continued
Monosaccharides are
a single unit of sugar
If two monosaccharides
are combined together,
the result is called a
disaccharide
If there are many
monosaccharides
combined, the resulting
molecule is a
polysaccharide
Examples of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides: glucose,
fructose, galactose
Disaccharides: sucrose,
lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides: Amylose,
chitin, glycogen, cellulose
Lipids (Fats)
There are 3 types:
1. Triglycerides: long term energy
storage
2. Steroids: hormones
3. Phospholipids: used to make
cell membranes
Lipids Continued
This is a phospholipid
Note: the two fatty acid tails
and the one glycerol head
Proteins
Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino
acids
The amino acids link together to form a chain
These long chains of amino acids fold up in a very
specific way
The differences between proteins is the sequence
of the amino acids and how they are folded up
Nucleic Acids
There are two types
of nucleic acids:
DNA and RNA
A nucleic acid is
made up of small
molecules called
nucleotides
(ACTG&U)
Nucleic Acids Continued
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Largest molecule on earth!
Fits in to the nucleus and
is twisted into a double helix
Nucleic Acids Continued
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): there are 3
types
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
All are single stranded and help DNA
make proteins
Has a U base instead of the T base
Nucleic Acids
Continued
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
This is the energy molecule of life
There are 3 phosphate molecules bonded
together
The last two have a lot of energy stored in their
bonds
Video
Your Turn!
Complete the Bio-Mols Chart ☺