* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download SEED PLANT STRUCTURES Nutrient Movement PLANT
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
SEED PLANT STRUCTURES ROOTS: absorb water and nutrients and anchor the plant in the soil. STEMS: move water and nutrients and provide support. LEAVES: produce food, echange gases and transpire. FLOWERS / CONES: male and female reproductive structures. PLANT PROCESSES PLANT PROCESSES Water Movement Nutrient Movement OSMOSIS Water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration. DIFFUSION Movement of nutrients from areas of high concentrations to areas of low concentrations. CAPILLARY ACTION Water particles 'stick' to each other as they move up the plant stem. ACTIVE TRANSPORT Movement of nutrients from areas of low concentrations to areas of high concentrations (this process requires energy). SEEDS: contain an embryo and food supply for a new plant. TRANSPIRATION Evaporation in the leaves causing areas of low water concentration needing to be replaced from below. PLANT PROCESSES LIFE CYCLE Food Production and Use Seed > Seedling > Adult PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chloroplasts in the leaves capture the Sun's energy, combine it with Carbon Dioxide and water to make SUGAR. The seed contains an embryo, food and a seed coat. The seedling is the embryo that has begun photosynthesis (producing its own food). CELLULAR RESPIRATION Plants use the sugar they produce as food, they also produce Carbon Dioxide and water - as waste. An adult plant is one that has produced its own reproductive structures (flowers or cones). VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION ADAPTATIONS RUNNERS Long stems that grow along the surface of the soil. Thick stems: to store water or reduce evaporation and to protect plants from extreme temperatures. RHIZOMES New stems growing undergrond. POLLINATION Pollen grains land on the stigma of the flower - above the ovary producing a tube which grows down to the ovule. The ovule then grows into a seed. POLLINATORS Wind, living organisms (birds, insects and other organisms) move the pollen to the stigma through various methods. ADAPTATIONS Tap Roots: gathering nutrients deep in the soil, or water. Wide Leaves: to help them gather sunlight for photosynthesis. Spines/Thorns: to protect the plant from predators. SUCKERS New plants forming on the roots. CUTTINGS/GRAFTING Cuttings are small pieces of plants that can grow into new plants, while grafting attaches one plant part onto another plant, which can then grow together to make a new plant. SEED PLANT REPRODUCTION Narrow Leaves: to help them pollinate and reduce water loss. Fibrous Roots: gathering nutrients from a large area around the plant. Bright Flowers and Sweet Nectars: to attract pollinators. Needle leaves (coated with resin): to prevent water loss. Rapid Seed Production: to enable plants to reproduce in short growing season conditions. L PLANT NEEDS PLANTS PROVIDE PLANT USES LIGHT: needed for photosynthesis to produce food. OXYGEN: during photosynthesis plants use carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. FOOD: for other organisms to consume. WATER: moves nutrients in and out of plant cells. NUTRIENTS: provides the energy and materials for plants to grow. Nutrients include: 9 Nitrogen 9 Phosphorus 9 Potassium 9 Calcium 9 Magnesium SPACE: is needed to grow SOIL TYPES Soil is a Natural Resource containing mineral materials and/or organic materials. SANDY: light brown, made up of minerals, with little or no humus. CLAY: is very hard when dry with tiny pores between particles. It is made up of minerals with little or no humus SHELTER: plants can provide protection from the weather and predators. Plants can also provide a home to many organisms. FOOD: as producers, plants make their own food and they also become food for other organisms . Plants provide organic matter (when they die) to help build soil. They also protect the soil by keeping it in place. FIBRE: used as other materials in a variety of ways (clothing, shelter, paper). MEDICINE: produced from many different parts of plants, including fruits, leaves, stem (bark), roots and seeds. FUEL: is provided by plants when plant or plant products are burned. TRANSPORTATION: plants can be used as vehicles. MANAGING SOIL FARMING PRACTICES FERTILIZER: nutrients that can replace those removed from the soil by plants . growing CROP ROTATION: different crops in different sections of the farming land each year. IRRIGATION: adds water to soil to help plants grow or dissolve nutrients. CLEARING LAND: removing plant cover making it easier for seeds to germinate and grow. ZERO TILLAGE: stubble from previous crop helps to keep soil in place and provides organic material in the topsoil. SHELTERBELTS: rows of trees or vegetation to prevent wind erosion. LOAM: dark brown or black, made up of a balance between organic and mineral materials, with many plant nutrients. PLOWING: mixing the different layers of the soil to provide air space and additional nutrients. GROWING ENVIRONMENTS ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION WEEDS and PESTS HYDROPONIC: artificial growing method uses chemical nutrients without soil. Human intervention in the plant reproductive process can create new plant varieties to increase, or improve yields, flavors, uses and specific desirable properties. WEEDS and PESTS consume the plant crops needed as a human food source. GREENHOUSE: controlled light, temperature, and nutrients. MONOCULTURE: planting one type of crop (large yields of the same food, but less biodiversity. Selective Breeding: the process of selecting plants with specific traits allowing only them to reproduce. SUSTAINABILITY To maintain living resources by using only what is necessary and replacing them for future use. Genetic Engineering: single gene is added to a plant cell to provide a specific trait that plant can reproduce. VEGETATIVE COVER: to keep soil in place (reducing wind and water erosion). They can be controlled with HERBICIDES and PESTICIDES, or other organisms - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL. USE of these controls can have intended, as well as unintended consequences (something that you did not expect to happen).