Download Plant Science Guided Notes

Plant Science
Essential Standard 3.00: Understand the plant industry
Objective 3.01 - Remember careers in the plant industry.


Major Plant Science Industries:
o
 The science and art of producing, processing, marketing and distributing
plants grown for their appearance or beauty
 Examples
o Flowers
o Shrubs
o Trees
o Grasses
o Interior plants
o
Production
 The science and art of producing, processing, marketing and distributing
fruits and vegetables
 Examples:
o Blueberries
o Apples
o Peaches
o Strawberries
o Tomatoes
o Cucumbers
o Sweet corn
o Squash
o Sweet potatoes
o Agronomy
 The science
 Examples
o Wheat
o Barley
o Field corn
o Soybeans
o Cotton
Examples of Ornamental Horticulture Careers
o
 designs and arranges cut flowers
o Groundskeeper

o Landscape
 a professional trained in the art and science of
o Golf Course Superintendent
 manages the
o Nursery Operator

o
Manager
 manages a business that grows and sells greenhouse plants
o Gardener
 a person who grows and maintains plants
o Landscape
 a person licensed to install landscapes based on passing certification
exams

Examples of Fruit and Vegetable Careers
o
 grows and sells vegetables for the fresh, wholesale and retail markets
o
Manager
 manages retail produce departments of
o
Supervisor
 manages the production of wines

Examples of Agronomy Careers
o
 a specialist in soil and crop sciences
o Forage Manager

o Federal grain Inspector
 Federal employee that inspects harvested grain crops

Examples of General Plant Science Careers
o Plant Physiologist
 person who studies plant
o Plant
 person who develops new plants through, selection, hybridization, etc
o Plant Propagator
 a person who
o
 a person who studies insects
Objective 3.03 - Understand basic horticultural (ornamental, fruit and vegetable) and agronomic
principles and practices.


Type of Plant Growing Media
o Soil is the top layer of the Earth’s surface and is the
 Topsoil
 Subsoil
 Parent material
Type of Plant Growing Media
o
 used for encouraging root growth under certain conditions
o
 consists of partial decomposed mosses in waterlogged areas called bogs
o What’s the difference?

o



volcanic glass material


mineral- type mica
used for starting new plants and in media mixes
o

Amending the Plant Growing Media
o Add
o Specific nutrients
o
 Improper pH will
 measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity

o Changing Soil pH
 high alkalinity are made more acidic (
adding
or aluminum sulfate
 high acidic level is made more alkaline (
adding
 finely ground dolomitic limestone
 supplies both Ca (calcium) and Mg (magnesium)
) by
) by

Fertilizers
o Complete fertilizer

 N(
)
 P(
)
 K(
)
o Incomplete fertilizer
 Missing one of the three primary nutrients
o Organic fertilizers
 made with plant or animal products

 Bone meal (high in phosphorus)
 Blood meal

 lacking in the other primary nutrients (except bone meal)
o Inorganic fertilizers
 higher analysis of soluble nutrients


Fertilizer Application
o
 evenly spreading over the
surface of a lawn or other growing
area
o
 placing fertilizer in bands about 8” from the row of growing plants

o
application
 spraying of liquid fertilizer directly onto the

Principle Parts of Plants
o Roots
 Generally two types


 Function
 anchor the plant
 take in water and nutrients
o Transport in Plant

 Carries water and nutrients to the upper portion of the plant

 Pipeline
 Carries food to the roots


 Food is stored in the roots
Stems
o Two basic types of aboveground stems


o Supports other plant parts
o Water and nutrients are carried up to the leaves
o Sugar made in the leaves is transported down to the roots
Leaves
o
for the plant by using light
energy (
)
o The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
light energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O =
C6H1206 + 6 02
o Photosynthesis
 Slowing Photosynthesis
 Low Carbon dioxide
o Greenhouse
o Carbon dioxide generators
 Low Light
o
o Light intensity matters
 Temperature
o
o Extreme temps can stop photosynthesis


Leaves are very useful in
plants and vary greatly
 leaf margin (edge), shape and arrangement are all important in
plant identification
Flowers
o The primary function is the
o Male flower part is the
(anther, filament)
o Female part is the
(stigma, style, ovary).
o Can be male, female or both
o Petals attract insects to aid in pollination
 Pollination


Fruit
o The ovary (lower part of the pistil) of a flower matures into a fruit that surrounds
the seeds
o
o The seed has 3 basic parts:

- protection for the seed

– food for the seed

– baby plant


Common Plant Science Skills
Transplanting
o Can be done by hand or machine
o


Propagation
o

Example: a seedling tomato from a cell pack in the greenhouse into a
home garden
Sexual
 is the use of
for reproducing plants
 only way to obtain new varieties and hybrid vigor

 Asexual (
)
 use of a part or parts of a plant for reproducing plants
 results in an
of the parent
plant
o Examples

 Vegetative parts that the parent plant uses to regenerate itself.

are often applied to
speed up the development of roots

 A method of dividing or separating the main part of a plant into
smaller parts
 Grafting

 Tissue culture
 use of a very small piece of a plant (
) to produce a
large number of new genetically identical plants
Objective 3.04 - Remember tools and their safety practices related to the plant industry.

Plant Science Related Tool Safety Concepts
o Choosing the right tool for a job

o Caring for tools and keeping them in
 promote safety in the shop and workplace

Plant Science Related Tools
o
 planting and transplanting bulbs
o Grafting tool

o Hose bib

for attaching a water hose and turning water
supply on and off
o
 Cutting large branches when pruning shrubbery.
o Pruning saw

o
 cutting and shaping shrubbery
o Hedge shears

o Soil auger

into soil to get samples
o
 determining soil temperatures
o Soil tube

o Water breaker
