Download SEED PLANT STRUCTURES Nutrient Movement PLANT

SEED PLANT STRUCTURES
ROOTS:
absorb water and
nutrients and anchor the plant in
the soil.
STEMS: move water and nutrients
and provide support.
LEAVES: produce food, echange
gases and transpire.
FLOWERS / CONES:
male and
female reproductive structures.
PLANT PROCESSES
PLANT PROCESSES
Water Movement
Nutrient Movement
OSMOSIS
Water moves from an area of high
concentration
to
low
concentration.
DIFFUSION
Movement of nutrients from areas
of high concentrations to areas of
low concentrations.
CAPILLARY ACTION
Water particles 'stick' to each
other as they move up the plant
stem.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Movement of nutrients from areas
of low concentrations to areas of
high concentrations (this process
requires energy).
SEEDS: contain an embryo and
food supply for a new plant.
TRANSPIRATION
Evaporation in the leaves causing
areas of low water concentration
needing to be replaced from
below.
PLANT PROCESSES
LIFE CYCLE
Food Production and Use
Seed > Seedling > Adult
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chloroplasts in the leaves capture
the Sun's energy, combine it with
Carbon Dioxide and water to make
SUGAR.
The seed contains an embryo,
food and a seed coat.
The seedling is the embryo that
has
begun
photosynthesis
(producing its own food).
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Plants use the sugar they produce
as food, they also produce Carbon
Dioxide and water - as waste.
An adult plant is one that has
produced its own reproductive
structures (flowers or cones).
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
ADAPTATIONS
RUNNERS
Long stems that grow along the
surface of the soil.
Thick stems: to store water or
reduce evaporation and to protect
plants from extreme temperatures.
RHIZOMES
New stems growing undergrond.
POLLINATION
Pollen grains land on the stigma of
the flower - above the ovary producing a tube which grows
down to the ovule. The ovule then
grows into a seed.
POLLINATORS
Wind, living organisms (birds,
insects and other organisms)
move the pollen to the stigma
through various methods.
ADAPTATIONS
Tap Roots: gathering nutrients
deep in the soil, or water.
Wide Leaves: to help them gather
sunlight for photosynthesis.
Spines/Thorns:
to protect the
plant from predators.
SUCKERS
New plants forming on the roots.
CUTTINGS/GRAFTING
Cuttings are small pieces of plants
that can grow into new plants,
while grafting attaches one plant
part onto another plant, which can
then grow together to make a new
plant.
SEED PLANT REPRODUCTION
Narrow Leaves: to help them
pollinate and reduce water loss.
Fibrous
Roots:
gathering
nutrients from a large area around
the plant.
Bright Flowers and Sweet Nectars:
to attract pollinators.
Needle leaves (coated with resin):
to prevent water loss.
Rapid Seed Production: to enable
plants to reproduce in short
growing season conditions.
L
PLANT NEEDS
PLANTS PROVIDE
PLANT USES
LIGHT: needed for photosynthesis
to produce food.
OXYGEN: during photosynthesis
plants use carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen.
FOOD: for other organisms to
consume.
WATER: moves nutrients in and
out of plant cells.
NUTRIENTS: provides the energy
and materials for plants to grow.
Nutrients include:
9 Nitrogen
9 Phosphorus
9 Potassium
9 Calcium
9 Magnesium
SPACE: is needed to grow
SOIL TYPES
Soil is a Natural Resource
containing mineral materials
and/or organic materials.
SANDY: light brown, made up of
minerals, with little or no humus.
CLAY: is very hard when dry with
tiny pores between particles. It is
made up of minerals with little or
no humus
SHELTER: plants can provide
protection from the weather and
predators. Plants can also provide
a home to many organisms.
FOOD: as producers, plants make
their own food and they also
become food for other organisms .
Plants provide organic matter
(when they die) to help build soil.
They also protect the soil by
keeping it in place.
FIBRE: used as other materials in
a variety of ways (clothing, shelter,
paper).
MEDICINE: produced from many
different parts of plants, including
fruits, leaves, stem (bark), roots
and seeds.
FUEL: is provided by plants when
plant or plant products are burned.
TRANSPORTATION: plants can be
used as vehicles.
MANAGING SOIL
FARMING PRACTICES
FERTILIZER: nutrients that can
replace those removed from the
soil by plants .
growing
CROP ROTATION:
different
crops
in
different
sections of the farming land each
year.
IRRIGATION: adds water to soil to
help plants grow or dissolve
nutrients.
CLEARING LAND: removing plant
cover making it easier for seeds to
germinate and grow.
ZERO TILLAGE: stubble from
previous crop helps to keep soil in
place
and
provides
organic
material in the topsoil.
SHELTERBELTS: rows of trees or
vegetation
to
prevent
wind
erosion.
LOAM: dark brown or black, made
up of a balance between organic
and mineral materials, with many
plant nutrients.
PLOWING: mixing the different
layers of the soil to provide air
space and additional nutrients.
GROWING ENVIRONMENTS
ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION
WEEDS and PESTS
HYDROPONIC: artificial growing
method uses chemical nutrients
without soil.
Human intervention in the plant
reproductive process can create
new plant varieties to increase, or
improve yields, flavors, uses and
specific desirable properties.
WEEDS and PESTS consume the
plant crops needed as a human
food source.
GREENHOUSE: controlled light,
temperature, and nutrients.
MONOCULTURE:
planting one
type of crop (large yields of the
same food, but less biodiversity.
Selective Breeding: the process of
selecting plants with specific traits
allowing only them to reproduce.
SUSTAINABILITY
To maintain living resources by
using only what is necessary and
replacing them for future use.
Genetic Engineering: single gene
is added to a plant cell to provide a
specific trait that plant can
reproduce.
VEGETATIVE COVER: to keep soil
in place (reducing wind and water
erosion).
They can be controlled with
HERBICIDES and PESTICIDES, or
other organisms - BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL.
USE of these controls can have
intended, as well as unintended
consequences (something that
you did not expect to happen).