Download Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis/Practice!

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Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis/Practice!
True or False: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
______ 1. All organisms on earth will die without a constant supply of oxygen.
______ 2. Energy released during the breakdown of cells is used to synthesize ATP.
______ 3. The energy released from the breakdown of glucose can be used to recharge ATP.
______ 4. When you exhale, carbon dioxide is a released.
______ 5. When glucose is broken down during cellular respiration, a product is light energy.
______ 6. In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in the mitochondrion.
______ 7. All ATP synthesis in a eukaryotic cell happens in the mitochondria.
______ 8. Carbon dioxide is a product of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
______ 9. An electron transport chain is the first step/stage in cellular respiration.
______ 10. You are considered a heterotroph because you make your own food.
______ 11. Only fats are used as the energy source for glycolysis.
______ 12. Glucose gets anabolically made during glycolysis.
______ 13. One of the final products of glycolysis is a five-carbon compound.
Multiple choice; Circle the letter of the correct choice.
1. Cows need to breathe because
A. they need carbon dioxide from the air for cellular respiration.
B. they need oxygen from the air for cellular respiration.
C. they need to expel methane, a waste product of cellular respiration, from their lungs.
D. they need to expel nitrogen gas, a waste product of cellular respiration, from their lungs.
2. In mammals, oxygen gas diffuses from the air into the bloodstream via the
A. cells lining the nose.
C. liver.
B. kidney.
D. lungs.
3. In the chemical reaction of glycolysis, the reactants include;
A. Glucose, NAD, ATP.
B. Glucose, NADH
C. light energy and heat.
D. Hydrogen, water, heat
4. Organisms that are producers (such as plants)
A. Are only heterotrophs
B. Are only autotrophs
C. Are capable of both auto and heterotrophy processes
D. None of these.
5. A typical eukaryotic cell that would have the greatest amount of mitochondria would be.
A. liver
C. fat
B. muscle
D. skin
6. The reaction
overall reaction of
A. alcoholic fermentation.
B. wood burning.
is the
C. glycolysis.
D. the citric acid cycle.
Critical Reading: Read this passage from the lesson and answer the questions
that follow.
You know that humans deprived of oxygen for more than a few minutes will
quickly become unconscious and die. Breathing, also known as respiration, is
essential for human life, because the body cannot store oxygen for later use as it
does food. The mammalian respiratory system, shown in Figure 1 features a
diaphragm, trachea, and a thin membrane whose surface area is equivalent to the
size of a handball court - all for efficient oxygen intake. Other forms of life
employ different types of respiratory organs: fish and aquatic amphibians and
insects flaunt gills, spiders and scorpions develop “book lungs,” and terrestrial
insects use an elaborate network of tubes called tracheae, which open via
spiracles, as shown in Figure 2 and 3. A constant supply of oxygen gas is clearly
important to life. However, do you know why you need oxygen?
Fig 1
The human respiratory system is only part of the story of respiration. Diaphragm,
lungs, and trachea take air deep into the body and provide oxygen gas to the
bloodstream. The fate of that oxygen is the story of cellular respiration.
Spiracles in this Indian Luna Moth (Actias selene) caterpillar connect to a system
of internal tubes (tracheae) which carry oxygen throughout the animal's body.
Gills in this alpine newt larva, Triturus alpestris, bring blood close to an extensive
surface area so that the newt can absorb dissolved oxygen gas from its watery
habitat.
Fig 2
Questions:
1. Why do you need to breathe continually, even when you sleep?
Fig 3
2. Why do you think humans cannot store oxygen?
3. Why is the surface area of a mammalian respiratory system so large?
4. How do fish absorb oxygen?
5. Explain why oxygen is essential to life?
Into the Mitochondrion: Making ATP with Oxygen
True or False: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
______ 1. Oxygen is the most abundant component of the earth’s atmosphere.
______ 2. Aerobic respiration evolved before oxygenic photosynthesis.
______ 3. In eukaryotic cells, if oxygen is present, then pyruvate is fermented to ethanol.
______ 4. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.
______ 5. CO2 is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle.
______ 6. NADH is formed to help maintain homeostasis.
______ 7. The inner mitochondrial membrane increases the surface area of the membrane.
______ 8. NADH donates electrons to the electron transport chain in mitochondria.
______ 9. Without carriers the pH around the cristae would be higher than the pH of the cytoplasm.
Critical Reading Read this passage from the lesson and answer the questions that follow.
The Electron Transport Chain: ATP for Life in the Fast Lane
At the end of the Krebs Cycle, energy from the chemical bonds of glucose is stored in diverse energy
carrier molecules: four ATP, but also two FADH2 and ten NADH. The primary task of the last stage of cellular
respiration, the electron transport chain (ETC), is to transfer energy from these carriers to ATP, the
“batteries” which power work within the cell.
Pathways for making ATP in stage 3 of aerobic respiration closely resemble the electron transport
chains used in photosynthesis. In both ETCs, energy carrier molecules are arranged in sequence within a
membrane so that energy-carrying electrons cascade from one to another, losing a little energy in each
step. In both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, the energy lost is harnessed to pump hydrogen ions
into a compartment, creating an electrochemical gradient across the enclosing membrane. And in both
processes, the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient is used to build ATP.
For aerobic respiration, the electron transport chain or “respiratory chain” is embedded in the inner
membrane of the mitochondria (Figure 6). FADH2 and NADH (produced in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle)
donate high-energy electrons to energy carrier molecules within the membrane. As they pass from one
carrier to another, the energy they lose is used to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space,
creating an electrochemical gradient. Hydrogen ions flow “down” the gradient – from outer to inner
compartment – through an ion channel/enzyme, ATP synthase, which transfers their energy to ATP. Note the
paradox that it requires energy to create and maintain a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions, which are
then used by ATP synthase to create stored energy (ATP). In broad terms, it takes energy to make energy.
Coupling the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis with a hydrogen ion gradient is chemiosmosis, first
described by Nobel laureate Peter D. Mitchell.
Questions
1. Why are NADH and FADH2 described as energy-carrying molecules?
2. What is the purpose of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria?
3. The electron transport chains of cellular respiration and photosynthesis share what characteristics?
4. Where are H+ pumped in mitochondria?
5. Why do you think Peter Mitchell’s discovery of chemiosmosis won a Nobel prize?
Multiple Choice Circle the letter of the best choice.
1. In cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is released
A. during the first half of glycolysis.
B. during the Citric Acid Cycle.
2. One of the products of glycolysis is
A. GTP.
B. glycogen.
C. during the ETC.
D. none of the above
C. starch.
D. none of the above
3. The net yield of ATP from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose is…
A. 2.
C. 4.
B. 0.
D. 38.
4. The function of oxygen in the ETC is
A. to accept electrons that have passed through the ETC of the mitochondria.
B. to combine with carbon dioxide and be excreted.
C. to donate electrons to the ETC.
D. all of the above
Cellular Respiration
WORD BANK
1 ATP per pyruvate
2 ATP
~30 ATP
0 ATP
Electron transport chain
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvate
Lactic acid
Kreb's Cycle
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration
When oxygen
is not
present
Begins
With a
molecule
of
Which
is
broken
down
during
Occurs
in the
Which
Produces
Which
Creates 2
molecules
of
When
oxygen is
present
Occurs in
the
Such as
Which
Produces
Which starts
with
And ends
with
Which
makes
Which
makes