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Transcript
Ohio Academic Content Standards Welcome to Mr. Gluckin’s Science Class Connect 1/30/13 • Investigate the great variety of body plans and internal structures found in multicellular organisms. • Investigate the great diversity among organisms. Corresponding Study Island lesson is: 3d. Diversity of Life This week’s topic is: Diversity of Life part 2 of 2 Please complete the above study island assignment by 4pm 1/31/13. Vocab. Terms Monday we talked about many of the aspect of living things. body plans - the general structure each individual organism assumes as it develops internal structures – body structure elements within an organism multicellular organisms - organisms that consist of more than one cell Diversity of life - variability among living organisms Invertebrate - animals that do not have a backbone, or any other types of bones Vertebrate - animals that have backbones Vascular Plant – can conduct water Nonvascular Plants – cannot conduct water Highlights (plants) Let’s watch this short video and then do a quick review before moving on. http://quietube4.com/v.php/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0cIfO4UeZE Domains Eukarya Classifying Organisms takes practice. Let’s go to NOVA and try together by doing this interactive activity together. Go to: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/classifying-life.html 1 Animals The animals can be broken into two main groupings. Invertebrate - animals that do not have a backbone, or any other types of bones, like a snails, earthworms, beetles or star fish Now let’s play and animal classification game • Go to: http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps07_int_animalclass/ • Click Games and then click North American Forest Vertebrates – animals that have a backbone, like frogs, snakes, birds, and mammals Reproduction (Asexual/Sexual) Gas Exchange - “aka” respiration • Species in the Animalia Kingdom can reproduce either sexually (with the genetic information from two parents) or asexually with the genetic information from a single contributor. • Integumentary exchange - gases diffuse across the skin or body covering, e.g.: flatworms, earthworms, and amphibians. • Examples of a sexual reproduction include: – budding - sponges and hydras – fragmentation - flat worms – parthenogenesis - whiptail lizards • Sexual reproduction can be broken down further as well. – Internal fertilization • egg and sperm combine inside of an organism • usually takes place in the female • mammals, reptiles, birds, some amphibians and fish – External fertilization • takes place outside of an organism • most amphibians and fish • Tracheal respiration - animals with hard coatings have small holes in their body covering. An empty tube runs through the body covering and into the tissue for oxygen to come in and carbon dioxide to go out, e.g.: spiders and some insects. • Internal gills – are gills are at the back of the mouth that allow gas exchange between water and blood vessels, e.g.: fish. • External gills – are gills that project out of the animal and into the water, e.g.: insects and some amphibians. • Lungs - a lung is an internal respiratory surface in the shape of a sac or cavity that allow oxygen from the air is absorbed into blood vessels, and carbon dioxide from blood vessels is released into the air, e.g.: mammals, birds, and reptiles. Some fish and amphibians also use lungs & gills. Body Plans • Asymmetry—Asymmetry means that an organism does not have symmetry. Asymmetric bodies do not have regular, predictable shapes, and it is the simplest type of body plan. 2 Body Plans Body Plans • Radial Symmetry—Radial symmetry is a type of symmetry in which several planes divide an organism into almost identical parts and have more than one line of symmetry. Organisms with radial symmetry have no "left" or "right" sides, but they do have a "top" and a "bottom". • Bilateral Symmetry—Bilateral symmetry is a kind of symmetry in which a single plane divides an object into halves that are roughly mirror images of each other. radial symmetry either move very slowly or do not move at all for most of their lives. • One of the most important features to develop as part of bilateral symmetry is the head. The head is the result of nervous tissue and sensory organs that are concentrated on the end of the organism that faces the direction of locomotion. Digestion Digestion • All living things require energy. Animals accomplish this by consuming other organisms and breaking that down into raw materials. • Most animals possess a complete digestive system, or a one-way digestive tract. These animals have a separate opening for food, the mouth, and wastes are expelled through the anus. So, food travels in one direction and does not mix with wastes. Vertebrates, insects, and mollusks have complete digestive systems • In simple animals, such as sponges, digestion takes place within individual cells. Sponges do not possess true tissues or organs. So, digestion takes place at the cellular level. • Other organisms have what is called an incomplete digestive system. It is also referred to as a two-way digestive tract. Organisms with incomplete digestive systems have a single opening through which food enters; wastes are expelled from the same opening. Jellyfish and flatworms display this type of digestive system. • Most animals possess a complete digestive system, or a one-way digestive tract. These animals have a separate opening for food, the mouth, and wastes are expelled through the anus. So, food travels in one direction and does not mix with wastes. Vertebrates, insects, and mollusks have complete digestive systems Circulation • As organisms become larger and more complex, they require a system of transferring gases and nutrients to all parts of the body. • The simplest is an open circulatory system. Insects have open circulatory systems. Blood and body fluid mix to form a substance called haemolymph. The size of the organism is limited because this system is not very efficient. • Closed circulatory systems are the most efficient at transporting nutrients and gases to all parts of the body. Earthworms are the simplest animals with a closed circulatory system. • All vertebrates have closed circulatory systems with true hearts. Fish have the simplest heart, containing only two chambers. • The vertebrate heart continued to evolve to become more efficient. Humans have a four chambered heart. 3 Let’s play a game to see what specific traits in different animals you can identify. Web Resources • http://quietube4.com/v.php/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0cIfO4UeZE • www.studyisland.com • Go to: http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/animalclassgame.htm • Drag a trait into the correct bucket. • If it falls out you must try again. • Once you have filled the bucket correctly the animal will appear! • http://www.biology4kids.com/ • http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/classifying-life.html • http://nortonbooks.com/college/biology/animations/ch03a01. htm Vocab. Sketch Vocab. Terms body plans - the general structure each individual organism assumes as it develops internal structures – body structure elements within an organism multicellular organisms - organisms that consist of more than one cell Diversity of life - variability among living organisms Invertebrate - animals that do not have a backbone, or any other types of bones Vertebrate - animals that have backbones Vascular Plant – can conduct water Nonvascular Plants – cannot conduct water body plans internal structures – multicellular organisms Diversity of life Invertebrate Vertebrate Vascular Plant – Nonvascular Plants – Thank you for coming! Don’t forget Study Island lesson 3d for this FILE TRANSFER – Today’s Slides 1. week. Also complete your pathways in Math and Reading. Do a Pathway a day! 3. Come to Science Zone tomorrow for extra help 4-5pm. 2. Find the link in the MS Newsletter. Next Science F2F is: on February 15th, more details are in the newsletter. 4 QUESTIONS? If you have no questions, you may go. • Raise your hand. • No mic? Type in your question in advance, then press Enter when it’s your turn. • Thanks for joining us today! 5