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Unit 7 Human biology The heart and the circulation LT 6.10.6 SWBAT describe and compare the main functions of human body systems and organs LT 6.10.7 SWBAT explain how at least two body systems are interdependent and function together to carry out an essential life process Hook • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULRfir4xdU Heart-beat • What do you notice about this sound? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5m4ypjBnqE IBE – JTPS (Justify – Think Pair Share) Each day your heart beats about 100,000 times, circulating blood through nearly 96,000 kilometers of blood vessels—roughly onequarter of the distance to the moon. Over 70 years, your heart will beat about 2.5 billion times. How can it keep going? J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share) THINK PAIR SHARE The heart is a muscular pump that moves the blood through the body • Cardiac (heart) muscles work continuously without tiring. NORMAL HUMAN HEART The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles • Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood • Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action pulmonary valve aortic valve left atrium right atrium mitral valve left ventricle tricuspid right ventricle septum The heartbeat consists of two contractions – SA node, or pacemaker, stimulates the atrium to contract – VA node stimulates ventricles to contract SA node VA node The Heart and Circulation – oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then the right ventricle – right ventricle pumps blood to lungs – oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then the left ventricle – the left ventricle through the aorta pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body Heart anatomy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJC LCE The heart pumps blood through two main pathways Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs • oxygen-poor blood enters lungs from the right ventricle of the heart • carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli • oxygen diffuses into the blood • oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium of the heart Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body – oxygen-rich blood goes to organs, extremities – oxygen-poor blood returns to heart Systemic and pulmonary circulation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYcTfNY0 QkM Check your understanding • Where does the first contraction of the heartbeat take place? 1. in the ventricles 2. in the atria 3. in the valves 4. in the septum Check your understanding • Which parts of the circulatory system deliver oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body? 1. the left ventricle and the pulmonary vein 2. the left atrium and the capillaries 3. the atria and the pulmonary artery 4. the left ventricle and the aorta Check your understanding • Pulmonary circulation occurs only between the heart and the 1. 2. 3. 4. • Organs Lungs Brain limbs Check your understanding • Systemic circulation occurs between the _______ and the rest of the body 1. Heart 2. lungs 3. Brain 4. limbs • Check your understanding • What is the function of valves in the heart? 1. They separate the two ventricles 2. They prevent blood from flowing backward 3. They open between heartbeats 4. They help pump the blood • Check your understanding • Which is the correct pathway for pulmonary circulation? 1. left ventricle-lungs-right atrium 2. right ventricle-lungs-left atrium 3. right ventricle-lungs-right atrium 4. left atrium-lungs-left ventricle • Arteries carry blood away from the heart and: • are under great pressure • have thicker and more muscular walls than veins • the middle layer of an artery is made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers Veins carry blood back to the heart and: • • • • are under less pressure have thinner walls and a larger diameter than arteries have valves that prevent backflow circulation is maintained in the vein by the activity of skeletal muscles Capillaries • Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells • Materials can diffuse into and out of blood in the capillaries because the capillary walls are very thin Arteries and veins • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I93ricIIOm s • Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls. – systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts – diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes • High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke • Permanently high blood pressure is called hypertension Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases • Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases. – – – – – smoking long-term stress excessive weight lack of exercise diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fats http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugnERAFq7as The heart song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s1MC1hcE