Download The Cardiovascular System CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Made of

The Cardiovascular System
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Made of organs that move blood to every cell in your body
Consists of HEART, ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, VEINS
HEART
Mostly made of CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
About the size of your fist
Almost in center of chest cavity
Has a right side and a left side
Each side has:
an upper side (ATRIUM)
a lower side (VENTRICLE)
VALVES
between the atrium and ventricle
where large arteries are attached to heart
Open to let blood through
Close to keep blood from going backward
Right side of heart
Pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs
Left side of heart
Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
BLOOD PRESSURE: force with which heart pumps blood
BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERY
Carries blood away from heart
Has thick walls
Contains a layer of smooth muscle
PULSE: rhythmic change in blood pressure
CAPILLARY
Tiny blood vessel that connect to cells
Only one cell thick
So narrow that blood cells pass through in single file
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to each cell
Carry waste and carbon dioxide away from each cell
No cell more than 3-4 cells away from a capillary
VEIN
Carry blood back to the heart
Valves in veins keep blood from flowing backwards
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Circulates blood between heart and lungs
Carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs
Carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart
Contains the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood
Contains the only veins that carry oxygen-rich blood
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Circulates blood between heart and cells of the body
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells
Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs
Lung capillaries pick up oxygen, dump carbon dioxide.
Blood travels back to the heart into left atrium and ventricle.
Heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into arteries, capillaries.
Capillaries transport oxygen, nutrients into cells, remove
wastes and carbon dioxide.
6. Oxygen-poor blood travels back to heart into right atrium and
ventricle.
CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS
Can be caused by smoking, high levels of cholesterol in blood,
stress, physical inactivity, or heredity.
Can be reduced by eating a healthy diet, getting plenty of exercise
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Cholesterol builds up inside blood vessels
Blood vessels become narrower and less elastic
Blocked vessels can cause heart attacks
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Also called hypertension
Can cause heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke
Stroke: blood vessel in brain becomes clogged or ruptures
without oxygen, brain cells die
HEART ATTACK
Heart muscle cells die, part of heart muscle is damaged
Can be caused by blocked arteries that deliver oxygen
When enough heart muscles die, the heart may stop
HEART FAILURE
Heart cannot pump enough blood to meet body’s needs
Organs like brains, lungs, kidneys may be damaged by lack
of oxygen or nutrients or build up of fluids or wastes