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The Cardiovascular System CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Made of organs that move blood to every cell in your body Consists of HEART, ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, VEINS HEART Mostly made of CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE About the size of your fist Almost in center of chest cavity Has a right side and a left side Each side has: an upper side (ATRIUM) a lower side (VENTRICLE) VALVES between the atrium and ventricle where large arteries are attached to heart Open to let blood through Close to keep blood from going backward Right side of heart Pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs Left side of heart Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body BLOOD PRESSURE: force with which heart pumps blood BLOOD VESSELS ARTERY Carries blood away from heart Has thick walls Contains a layer of smooth muscle PULSE: rhythmic change in blood pressure CAPILLARY Tiny blood vessel that connect to cells Only one cell thick So narrow that blood cells pass through in single file Deliver oxygen and nutrients to each cell Carry waste and carbon dioxide away from each cell No cell more than 3-4 cells away from a capillary VEIN Carry blood back to the heart Valves in veins keep blood from flowing backwards PULMONARY CIRCULATION Circulates blood between heart and lungs Carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs Carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart Contains the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood Contains the only veins that carry oxygen-rich blood SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION Circulates blood between heart and cells of the body Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs Lung capillaries pick up oxygen, dump carbon dioxide. Blood travels back to the heart into left atrium and ventricle. Heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into arteries, capillaries. Capillaries transport oxygen, nutrients into cells, remove wastes and carbon dioxide. 6. Oxygen-poor blood travels back to heart into right atrium and ventricle. CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS Can be caused by smoking, high levels of cholesterol in blood, stress, physical inactivity, or heredity. Can be reduced by eating a healthy diet, getting plenty of exercise ATHEROSCLEROSIS Cholesterol builds up inside blood vessels Blood vessels become narrower and less elastic Blocked vessels can cause heart attacks HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Also called hypertension Can cause heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke Stroke: blood vessel in brain becomes clogged or ruptures without oxygen, brain cells die HEART ATTACK Heart muscle cells die, part of heart muscle is damaged Can be caused by blocked arteries that deliver oxygen When enough heart muscles die, the heart may stop HEART FAILURE Heart cannot pump enough blood to meet body’s needs Organs like brains, lungs, kidneys may be damaged by lack of oxygen or nutrients or build up of fluids or wastes