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Lesson 2 Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
LA.6.2.2.3, SC.7.N.1.1, SC.7.L.15.2
Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson. Identify or predict three facts
you will learn from the lesson. Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.
Organize information about Charles Darwin.
Charles Darwin
an English naturalist
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What?
developed a theory of how evolution works
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When?
mid-1800s
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Where?
voyaging around the world, with a particular
focus on study of the Galapagos Islands
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Why?
drew conclusions from many years observing
plants and animals in their natural habitats
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How?
aboard the HMS Beagle, a survey ship of the
British Navy
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Intermediate
Tortoise
Saddleback
Tortoise
low vegetation
low and high
vegetation
high vegetation
Explain Darwin’s theory of the relationship among the tortoises
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thought that all the tortoises came from a common
Chapter Review
mentioned above.
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: Darwin
Chapter Review
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Domed Tortoise
Study Guide
Darwin’s Theory
Correlate species of tortoises with their food sources.
Study Guide
ancestor. However, each species had adapted (or changed)
over time according to the food sources available on the
island on which it was found.
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Benchmark Practice
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Who?
Inquiry Lab
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Inquiry Lab
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Charles Darwin
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Lesson 2 | Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (continued)
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Model variation. Draw several members of a species, and then
explain how your drawing illustrates variation.
Drawings should include multiple individuals of the same
species with clearly varied physical traits.
should point out the differences among individuals as
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examples of variation.
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Describe the process of natural selection that would result
in the evolution of tortoises shown in picture 1 to those shown in
picture 2.
Inquiry Lab
Picture 1
Sample answer: The food source
in picture 1 is high vegetation.
able to reach more food in that
Study Guide
Study Guide
environment. Those tortoises will
be stronger and more apt to
survive and breed. They will
pass on their traits, such as
Chapter Review
longer necks, to their offspring.
Those offspring will repeat the
cycle. Eventually, the weaker,
shorter-necked turtles will die
Benchmark Practice
Benchmark Practice
Chapter Review
Picture 2
out, and all the turtles will
have long necks, as shown in
picture 2.
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Tortoises with longer necks are
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Inquiry Lab
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Explanation: Accept all reasonable responses. Student
Note-taking continued
Lesson 2 | Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (continued)
Adaptations
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Relate adaptations to natural selection.
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Adaptations that make it easier for certain individuals to
survive will spread throughout a population as those
individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce.
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Classify types of adaptations.
Adaptations
Examples:
Examples:
color, shape,
and other
physical
characteristics
hunting at
night, moving
in herds
drop in body
temperature,
expanding
blood vessels
Camouflage
• species blends
with its
environment
Both
• structural
adaptations
• help a species
Artificial Selection
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Mimicry
• one species
resembles
another
• species stands
out
Study Guide
avoid being
eaten
Inquiry Lab
Compare and contrast camouflage and mimicry.
Identify the process of breeding organisms for desired traits.
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selective breeding , also known as
artificial selection
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: Variations of physical
Chapter Review
Connect It Explain how physical variation is expressed in human beings and how
it relates to cultural groups and ethnicity.
Chapter Review
characteristics in humans include hair color, skin tone, and eye shape. Because
people have historically tended to produce offspring with mates who share traits
similar to their own, large populations of people with like variations have evolved,
forming ethnic groups.
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Benchmark Practice
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Type:
Study Guide
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functional
Examples:
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behavioral
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Type:
structural
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Type:
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