Download CHAPTER 3 HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM

WORLD HISTORY
CHAPTER 3
HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
HINDUISM
• HINDUISM - ORIGINATED WITH THE
ARYAN PEOPLE WHO SETTLED IN
INDIA AROUND 1500 B.C.E.
• HINDUISM IS A POLYTHEISTIC
RELIGION.( BELIEVE IN MANY GODS)
• VEDAS - A BOOK OF HYMNS AND
RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES.
HINDUISM
• BRAHMAN - A FORM OF ULTIMATE
REALITY OR GOD.
• ATMAN - THE INDIVIDUAL SELF THAT
MUST SEEK TO BECOME ONE WITH
BRAHMAN.
• REINCARNATION - INDIVIDUAL SOUL
IS REBORN IN A DIFFERENT FORM
AFTER DEATH.
HINDUISM
• KARMA - THE IDEA THAT WHAT
PEOPLE DO IN THEIR CURRENT LIFE
WILL DETERMINE WHAT FORM THEY
WILL BE IN THEIR NEXT LIFE.
• DHARMA - DIVINE LAW, THE LAW
REQUIRES PEOPLE TO DO THEIR DUTY,
WHICH DEPENDS ON THE PERSONS
SOCIAL STATUS.
HINDUISM
• YOGA - A METHOD OF TRAINING TO
LEAD TO ONENESS WITH BRAHMAN.
• ONENESS WITH BRAHMAN IS SEEN AS
A DREAMLESS SLEEP.
• WHEN ALL THE SENSES ARE STILLED,
WHEN THE MIND IS A T REST, THIS IS
CONSIDERED THE HIGHEST STATE.
HINDUISM
• IT IS BELIEVED THAT HINDUS HAD A
TOUGH TIME RELATING TO THE
UNDERSTANDING OF A FORM OF
ULTIMATE REALITY.
• SO HUMAN-LIKE GODS WERE USED TO
EXPLAIN THE EXPECTATIONS OF A
HINDU.
HINDUISM
• BRAHMA - THE CREATOR
• VISHNU - THE PRESERVER
• SIVA - THE DESTROYER
• MANY HINDUS SEE THESE GODS AS
MANY EXPRESSIONS OF THE ONE
ULTIMATE REALITY.
BUDDHISM
• BUDDHISM - APPEARED IN NORTHERN
INDIA IN 500 B.C.E. AND BECAME A
RIVAL OF HINDUISM IN INDIA.
• SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA - THE
FOUNDER OF BUDDHISM. KNOWN AS
THE BUDDHA, OR ENLIGHTENED ONE.
SIDDHARTHA
GAUTAMA
• SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA - WAS BORN
A PRINCE OF A SMALL KINGDOM IN
MODERN DAY NEPAL.
• SIDDHARTHA’S PARENTS SHELTERED
HIM, AT THE AGE OF 16 HE WAS
MARRIED TO A PRINCESS AND
STARTING A FAMILY OF HIS OWN.
SIDDHARTHA
GAUTAMA
• SOME MAY SAY SIDDHARTHA HAD
EVERYTHING, HE WAS RICH, GOOD
LOOKING, MODEL FOR A WIFE, A
CHILD, AND WAS NEXT IN LINE TO BE
KING.
• IN HIS LATE TWENTIES, SIDDHARTHA
BECAME AWARE OF SICKNESS, AGE,
AND DEATH.
BUDDHA OR
ENLIGHTENED ONE
• HE DECIDED TO SPEND THE REST OF
HIS LIFE LOOKING FOR A CURE TO
HUMAN SUFFERING.
• HE GAVE UP HIS ROYAL CLOTHES,
SHAVED HIS HEAD, ABANDONED HIS
FAMILY, AND SET OUT TO FIND THE
TRUE MEANING OF LIFE.
BUDDHA OR
ENLIGHTENED ONE
• ASCETICS - PEOPLE WHO PRACTICED
SELF-DENIAL TO ACHIEVE AN
UNDERSTANDING OF ULTIMATE
REALITY.
• AFTER A CLOSE CALL WITH DEATH
FROM NOT EATING, SIDDHARTHA
ABANDONED ASCETICS AND INSTEAD
TURNED TO MEDITATION.
BUDDHA OR
ENLIGHTENED ONE
• ONE EVENING WHILE MEDITATING
UNDER A TREE, SIDDHARTHA BECAME
ENLIGHTENED ON THE MEANING OF
LIFE AND SPENT THE REST OF HIS LIFE
PREACHING WHAT HE HAD LEARNED.
BASICS OF
BUDDHISM
• BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BUDDHISM - THE
PAIN, POVERTY, AND SORROW THAT
AFFLICTS HUMAN BEINGS ARE CAUSED
BY THEIR ATTACHMENT TO THINGS OF
THIS WORLD.
FOUR NOBLE
TRUTHS
• 1) ORDINARY LIFE IS FULL OF
SUFFERING.
• 2) THIS SUFFERING IS CAUSED BY OUR
DESIRE TO SATISFY OURSELVES.
• 3) THE WAY TO END SUFFERING IS TO
END DESIRE FOR SELFISH GOALS AND
TO SEE OTHERS AS EXTENSIONS OF
OURSELVES.
FOUR NOBLE
TRUTHS
• 4) THE WAY TO END DESIRE IS TO
FOLLOW THE MIDDLE PATH
• NIRVANA - ULTIMATE REALITY, THE
ENDING OF SELF AND A REUNION
WITH THE GREAT WORLD SOUL.
MIDDLE PATH OR
EIGHTFOLD PATH
• 1) RIGHT VIEW - WE NEED TO KNOW
THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS.
• 2) RIGHT INTENTIONS - WE NEED TO
DCIDE WHAT WE REALLY WANT.
• 3) RIGHT SPEECH - WE MUST SEEK TO
SPEAK TRUTH AND TO SPEAK WELL OF
OTHERS.
MIDDLE PATH OR
EIGHTFOLD PATH
• 4) RIGHT ACTION - THE BUDDHA GAVE
FIVE PRECEPTS, DO NOT KILL, DO NOT
STEAL, DO NOT LIE, DO NOT BE
UNCHASTE, DO NOT TAKE DRUGS OF
DRINK ALCOHOL.
• 5) RIGHT LIVELIHOOD - WE MUST DO
WORK THAT UPLIFTS OUR BEING.
MIDDLE PATH OR
EIGHTFOLD PATH
• 6) RIGHT EFFORT - THE BUDDHA SAID,
“ THOSE WHO FOLLOW THE WAY
MIGHT WELL FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE
OF AN OX THAT ARCHES THROUGH
THE DEEP MUD CARRYING A HEAVY
LOAD. HE IS TIRED, BUT HIS STEADY,
FORWARD-LOOKING GAZE WILL NOT
RELAX UNTIL HE COMES OUT OF THE
MUD.”
MIDDLE PATH OR
EIGHTFOLD PATH
• 7) RIGHT MINDFULNESS - WE MUST
KEEP OUR MINDS IN CONTROL OF
OUR SENSES. “ ALL WE ARE IS THE
RESULT OF WHAT WE HAVE
THOUGHT.”
• 8) RIGHT CONCENTRATION - WE
MUST MEDITATE TO SEE THE WORLD IN
A NEW WAY.
BUDDHA OR
ENLIGHTENED ONE
• BUDDHA ACCEPTED THE IDEA OF
REINCARNATION, BUT REJECTED THE
HINDU BELIEF OF RIGID SOCIAL
CLASSES WERE ONLY THE HIGH
SOCIAL CLASS COULD REACH
ONENESS WITH BRAHMAN.
• BUDDHA BELIEVE ALL PEOPLE COULD
REACH NIRVANA AS A RESULT OF
BEHAVIOR IN THIS LIFE.