Download Cell Unit 9.26.16

Cell Unit
What do you know about cells?
Vocabulary #1-7 (textbook page 51)
1.
Cell - the basic unit of structure and function of living things
2.
Microscopic - too small to be seen without using a microscope
3.
Organism - any living thing that maintains vital life processes
4.
Cell Membrane – the thin covering that surrounds and protects
every cell; lets nutrients in and wastes out
5.
Nucleus – the part of a cell that directs all the cell’s activities
6.
Cytoplasm – a jelly-like material inside a cell between the cell
membrane and the nucleus
7.
Protist - a simple, single-celled or multi-celled organism with a
nucleus and organelles
Vocabulary #8-14
Moneran - a single celled organism that does not have a
membrane bound nucleus.
9. Organelles – the parts of the cell that float in the
cytoplasm
10. Mitochondria – called the “powerhouses”, they release
energy from nutrients
11. Vacuole - store nutrients, water, or waste until the cell
uses or releases these substances
12. Cell Wall – supports and gives shape to the cell
13. Chloroplasts – contains chlorophyll that uses sunlight,
carbon dioxide, and water to make food (sugar)
14. Nuclear Membrane – protects the nucleus
8.
Lesson 1 What are cells?
 Six
Processes of all Living Things
 Cell
3
Theory
Famous Scientists
 Plant
Cell
 Animal
Cell
Six Life Processes of all living things
Living things…
1.
Take in nutrients
2.
Need and use energy to work
3.
Reproduce
4.
Grow
5.
Respond to the world around them
6.
Get rid of waste
Characteristics of Life #1 3:39
Living or Not Living slides…
Characteristics of Life #2 6:07
Cell Theory
1.
all living organisms are
composed of one or more cells
2.
the cell is the basic unit of
structure and organization in
organisms
3.
all cells come from pre-existing
cells
The Wacky History of Cell Theory
3 Famous Scientists
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
 As a hobby, he built magnifying lenses and used them
to build simple microscopes.
 He was the first person to see microscopic organisms.
Under his microscope, he studied pond water, saliva,
and even the plaque from his teeth.
 He saw tiny living creatures he called "animalcules".
He did not know it then, but the tiny animals were
bacteria!
3 Famous Scientists
Robert Hooke
 He discovered cells when looking at thin slices of
cork through a microscope.
 Latin for the word room is "cell".
 He saw a pattern of small rectangular boxlike
squares in the cork which reminded him of "little
rooms".
3 Famous Scientists
Ernest Just

He worked hard to get a college degree & majored
in biology. He worked in the Marine Biological
Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA

He discovered there were other parts of the cell
that did more than just what the nucleus did!

Just discovered that cell activity depended not just
on the nucleus but also on the cytoplasm (the fluid
that fills the cell). He changed the way scientist
thought about cells!
Cell Videos!
Cell Rap Video 3:08
Cell Song Video 3:09
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Prokaryotic Cells

Do not contain a nucleus

Unicellular - the entire organism is only one cell

Bacteria and archaea

most likely the first type of cells that formed on Earth
Eukaryotic Cells

Contain a nucleus

Multicellular - more complicated

Plants and animals
A Tour of the Cell 14:16
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Plant cells

cell membrane is a living part of the
cell & controls what flows in & out of
the cell

Rectangular in shape

make their own food in the
chloroplasts

contain vacuoles that are much
larger than those that are in animal
cells
Wonder of Cells 2:55
Why are Cells important? 3:36
Animal Cell
•Vacuole
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Nucleus
•Mitochondria
•Ribosome
Animal Cell

Most animal cells have a nucleus.

have a jell-like material outside
the nucleus called cytoplasm

surrounded by a cell membrane (do
not have a cell wall)

There are many kinds of animal
cells

circular in shape
Animal Cell Video 11:35
Single-Celled Organisms
3 types:
1.Animal like Protist
• amoeba, paramecium, euglena
2. Plant like Protist
• diatoms & euglena
3. Bacteria
• type of moneran
Intro to the Protists
Single Celled Organisms (3 types)
1. Animal like Protists (called Protozoan):

Have a nucleus

don’t have chlorophyll (can’t make their own ________)

they “eat” other small organisms (algae & bacteria)

Classified by the way they move and search for food

Examples of Animal like Protists:
1.
Amoeba - move by having their cytoplasm push against the cell
membrane at a certain place
2.
Paramecium - move by hair-like structures
3.
Euglena- move by a tail-like structure that goes in a circular
motion
Amoeba eats 2 paramecium! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk
Amoeba Cool Fact!
Predators - they stretch
out their cytoplasm to
surround prey & then break
it down into nutrients
Parasites - harm other
organisms by feeding off
of them
Amoeba
Single Celled Organisms (3 types)
2. Plant-like Protists (Algae):
 have
chloroplasts, a cell wall, & make their own food
 eyespot
 Many
used for sensing light and dark
are found floating in the ocean or water
 Examples
of plant like protists:
1.
Diatom
2.
Euglena (yes, plant like too!)
Diatoms
Diatoms – single celled organisms that are plant like.
Diatoms have chloroplasts and make their own food.
This type of algae produce a lot of Earth’s oxygen.
They also produce a lot of food for ocean life.
Single Celled Organisms (3 types)
3. Bacteria:

Bacteria are a type of Moneran (cell wall, no nucleus)

Quick Fact! Moneran is from “monosa” a Greek word
meaning solitary, single, alone

Most don’t have chlorophyll

Smallest of all monerans & found everywhere

Some bacteria are beneficial and some are harmful

Bacteria are classified by their shape:
 spherical,
rod, spiral, comma, or corkscrew
Cilia and flagella are used to help
the cell move itself.
Digestion
Cheese
Yogurt
Decomposition
Bacteria Video:
https://www.brainpop.com/scienc
e/cellularlifeandgenetics/bacteria/
Diseases like:
Lyme disease
anthrax
tetanus
food poisoning
acne
pneumonia
strep throat
scarlet fever
cilia
flagella
Lesson 2: How do cells work together? (txtbk p. 61)
1.
Tissue - group of cells that work together to preform a
certain function
2.
Organs - a group of tissues that work together to perform
a certain function
3.
Organ Systems - groups of organs that work together to
do a job for the body
4.
Digestive system – the organ system that turns food into
nutrients that body cells need for energy, growth, and
repair
Cells are Building Blocks
Organism
There are around 2.5 billion cells in one of your hands. If every cell in
your hand was the size of a grain of sand, your hand would be the
size of a school bus.
There are over 200 cell types in the body!
There are many different kinds of cells!
They all do specific
jobs for special
purposes.
Each and every one
is important and is
part of a larger
organ system.
Cell Structures 2:13
A Closer Look at BLOOD!
Plasma
•
•
Mostly water
delivers nutrients &
removes wastes from cells
Red Blood Cells
•
delivers oxygen
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/blood/
White Blood Cells
help fight diseases
Platelets
help clot blood
Blood is a connective tissue!
Lesson 3 How do body Systems Work Together?

We Know:

Cells work together to perform a certain function form a
tissue

Tissues work together to form organs
Organs are several kinds of tissue working together for the
same function
We will learn about 8 organ systems:


1.
2.
3.
4.
Digestive
Circulatory
Nervous
Respiratory
5.
6.
7.
8.
Muscular
Skeletal
Excretory
Endocrine


We will review these body systems:
1.
Digestive
2.
Circulatory
3.
Nervous
4.
Respiratory
5.
Muscular
6.
Skeletal
7.
Excretory
We will also learn about the Endocrine System
1. Digestive System

Breaks food down into chemical nutrients
that body cells need for energy, growth, and
repair

Digestive System process =>
1.
Mouth-chew food into smaller pieces & glands
produce saliva
2.
Esophagus
3.
Stomach - acid & other chemicals break down food
4.
Large to Small intestines – lined with villi

5.
Nutrients pass into the blood through the walls of
the villi in the small intestines
Pancreas & gall bladder – complete digestion
Digestion video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QYwscALNng
2. Circulatory System

The organs in the circulatory system are:

heart, blood vessels (include
arteries, capillaries, & veins) , &
blood


The circulatory system transports
oxygen, nutrients, & wastes throughout
the body
Circulatory System process =>

Arteries - blood leaves the heart

Capillaries - very tiny

Veins – return blood to the heart
Circulatory video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo
Arteries-red
Veins-blue
3. Nervous System

Directs other systems’ activities

Connects all the tissues and organs to your
brain

The organs in the nervous systems are:


neurons - use chemicals & electricity to send
messages

brain & spinal cord - main control centers and
process all messages
Nervous systems 2 main parts:
1.
Central nervous system – brain & spinal cord
2.
Peripheral nervous system – sensory organs
(eyes, ears, fingers, nose, mouth)
School House Rock-Nervous system:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_irrH1WY
4. Respiratory System

The lungs are made up of epithial &
connective tissue

Respiratory System process =>
1.
Nose/Mouth - tiny hairs filter the air
2.
Throat - Larynx & Pharynx
3.
Trachea
4.
Bronchi - tubes that branch to the
lungs
5.
Lungs
6.
Alveoli - oxygen moves into the
blood, while carbon dioxide moves
into the lungs to be exhaled
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPdGQA_yM4&list=PL1CzFup4D2Cf4umSaFI_CCp8uhxHC
9xaQ&index=7
5. Muscular System

Muscles are a type of connective tissue

Types of muscle:
1.
Skeletal – work in pairs to contract &
straighten, we can control these muscles
2.
Smooth – walls of body organs
3.
Cardiac – walls of the heart
*smooth & cardiac muscles are involuntary-we can’t
control them

Tendons move bones
6. Skeletal System


Babies have more bones than adults!

Babies have around 306 bones

Adults bones fuse together to end up
with 206 bones
Skeletal Systems includes:

Bones – blood cells are produces inside the
largest bones

Cartilage – spongy tissue that cushions the end
of bones

Ligaments - hold bones together
7. Excretory System

Excretes (or rids the body of) wastes by
removing solid waste and urine

This process balances the amount of water
and salts in our bodies

The organs in the excretory system are
kidneys (main organ), ureter, bladder,
urethra

Kidneys have filter magic & keep us
hydrated!
8. Endocrine System
Glands of the Endocrine System that we will study:
1.
Pituitary gland
2.
Thyroid
3.
Adrenal glands
4.
Pancreas
Endocrine System Vocab:
1.
Endocrine System – is involved in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue
function, and metabolism.
2.
Duct gland – a channel through which secretions are carried to specific locations in
the body (tear & sweat glands)
3.
Ductless gland (Endocrine Glands) – secrete hormones into the blood stream
4.
Pituitary Gland – master gland of the endocrine system
5.
Thyroid Gland – produces hormones that controls how the body uses & stores fuel
6.
Pancreas – part of the digestive system, produces hormones that
7.
Adrenal glands – above each kidney, secretes adrenaline
regulate glucose
Endocrine System
1. Pituitary Gland



What is it called? the “master gland” and it’s the size of a
pea
Where? Located at the base of the brain below the
hypothalamus
Produces? hormones that regulate production on other
endocrine glands

Such as: growth hormone, keeps the balance of water
in our body, and endorphins (desensitizes us to pain)
Pituitary Gland Video
Endocrine System
2. Thyroid

What? responsible for metabolism and shaped
like a bow tie or butterfly

Where? in the front part of lower neck

Controlled by? The pituitary gland
Endocrine System
3. Adrenal Glands

What? Helps the body’s response to stress

Where? on the top of each kidney

Produces? the hormone (adrenaline) which
increases blood pressure & heart rate when the
body experiences stress
Adrenal Gland Video
Fight of Flight Video
Endocrine System
4. Pancreas

What? a duct and ductless gland

Where? behind the stomach

Produces? hormones that regulate glucose in the blood
Pancreas Video