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Body System Organization Overview UEQ: How is the body organized? • LEQ: What are the major organ systems of the human body? • Warm up: How many organ systems can you name in the human body? Integumentary System • Includes: Cutaneous membrane, aka skin • Other accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands. • Protect the body from drying out and having foreign items entering in Skeletal System • Made up of bones; also includes your cartilage (tendons and ligaments) • provide points of attachment for muscles • protect and support softer tissue • house blood producing cells, store inorganic salts • provide pathways for blood vessels and nerves Respiratory system • Includes nasal cavity, sinus cavity, throat, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli • Primary function is to obtain oxygen and remove CO2 • Includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air & transport air into and out of the lungs • gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells = respiration • Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production in the cells = cellular respiration Muscular System • Muscles and organs composed of specialized cells that use chemical energy stored in nutrients to contract • Actions include: muscle tone, propel body fluids and food, generate heartbeat, and distribute heat Cardiovascular System • Includes heart, arteries, veins, blood • Brings oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and removes waste • Comprised of a pump (heart) and its vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and blood • If didn’t exist, no oxygen or nutrients would be delivered, CO2/wastes would build up Urinary System • Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra • Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes • Helps to maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes • Regulates pH and volume of body fluid • Helps to control red blood cell production and blood pressure Nervous System • Comprised of neurons, aka nerve cells; nervous tissue – bundles of axons and neuroglial cells • Sensory information is brought into and sent out of the brain and spinal cord • Nerve impulses are chemical reactions that allow them to communicate from cell to cell. • Can be divided into two systems – Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Digestive System • Includes: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, small and large intestine • Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods • Supplies body cells with nutrients • Consists of the alimentary canal – mouth to anus. • 186 sq. meters long Endocrine System • Include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus gland • Endocrine glands – secrete hormones • Exocrine glands – secrete “stuff” outside the body. • Act on cells called target cells • Can be used as messenger molecules Lymphatic and Immunity System • Consists of: lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen. • Network of vessels that transports transports fluids • Carry away excess fluids from body to blood stream • Launch both generalized and targeted attacks against foreign objects or toxins Reproductive System • can be divided into the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia. • gonads are the actual organs that produce the gametes. • Males - testes produce sperm; external genitalia- penis and scrotum; internal genitalia – prostate gland • Females - ovaries make eggs; internal genitalia – vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes