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Transcript
Ancient Language Bellwork • Copy down the following words • Next to each word, write another English word that includes the underlined portion and what you think the underlined root means • astronomy • biology • orthodox • horoscope • Convert What Language do you think this underlined sections come from? CA: May Vary GREEK! Greek in English Greek Root Meaning English Uses astr(o) star, star-shaped astronomy, astrology, astrolabe bio life biology, biography, biosphere ortho straight orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic scop look at, examine horoscope, microscope, telescope vert turn convert, extrovert, invert Objective • WWBAT: Create our own definitions for key terms relating to Greek citystates • WWBAT: Begin working on placing key city-states and geographic features of Ancient Greece Interactive Notebook Setup • 9/23/2015 • Greek City State Definitions and info • This will be one page City-States Polis Acropolis Typical Polis Agora Colonies and Trade Political and Social Change The Aegean Area Ancient Greece included the Balkan Peninsula & small rocky islands in the Aegean Sea The Aegean Area 3/4 of Greek mainland = mountains Protected Greeks from foreign invaders/attackers Kept Greeks isolated from other communities Prevented Greeks from uniting under one government Between the mountain ranges = fertile plains good for farming The Aegean Area Mild climate So people spent much of their time outdoors Meetings held in public squares Teachers met students in public gardens Actors performed in open theaters What’s Going on Today • Today we will begin looking at the political climate and power structure in Greece • We will do so by defining some essential terms • This will be done in a way we haven’t really done so far What’s Going on Today • I will provide you with a definition for each of the words • It will be your job to: • Create a definition of your own based on the definition and information provided City-State • Definition: A state, usually with a city as it’s power center, that has political and economic control over the surrounding area • Now use this to create a definition of your own Polis • Definition: The early Greek city-state, consisting of a city or town, and it’s surrounding countryside • Now use this to create a definition of your own The polis of Athens Acropolis • Definition: A fortified gathering place in Greek city-states at the top of a hill, often the site of temples or public buildings • Now use this to create a definition of your own The Acropolis of Athens Agora • Definition: An open area in Greek city-states, below the acropolis, which served as a public meeting place and market • Now use this to create a definition of your own The Agora of ancient Athens The Aegean Area Despite lack of government -- Greeks spoke same language & practiced same religion (polytheistic) Greeks turned to the seas to earn a living --> no place in Greece is more than 50 miles from a coast The Polis Each polis developed independently, but shared certain features with other city-states The Typical Polis Polis included: a city and the surrounding villages, fields, and orchards At the center of the city = an Acropolis = fortified hill On top of Acropolis = temple of the local god or goddess Foot of Acropolis = the agora = public square The Typical Polis Public square was political center of the polis Citizens gathered there to choose officials, pass laws, etc. Artisans & merchants did business there The Typical Polis Citizens = those who took part in government Could vote and hold public office Could speak for themselves in court Could own property In return: expected to serve in government and protect the polis The Typical Polis Most Greeks were NOT citizens Slaves, foreign-born, and women couldn’t be citizens Greek Colonies & Trade Increase in population after the “dark ages” --> farmers couldn’t grow enough grain to feed everyone Each polis sent out groups of people to set up colonies Colonists sent grain back to the “parent city” Greek Colonies & Trade Farmers on mainland produced wine, olive oil, and other cash crops for export Greek trade expanded throughout the Mediterranean region Greek Colonies & Trade 600s BCE Greeks replaced barter system with money system Began producing textiles (cloth) and pottery Political and Social Change Greek communities first ruled by kings -- kings soon lost power Each polis was then ruled by landholding aristocrats = nobles Political and Social Change Disputes between aristocrats and commoners (especially farmers) often arose Farmers often had to borrow money from the aristocrats until harvest When they couldn’t pay back the money, the aristocrats took the land, made farmers become sharecroppers/day laborers, or sold farmers into slavery Political and Social Change Farmers began to protest Farmers were very powerful in Greek armies because they were the foot soldiers Greek armies relied on the phalanx = rows of foot soldiers close together with shields to form a wall Political and Social Change Middle-class artisans & merchants wanted a voice in government & joined the farmers in protest As a result of the unrest: tyrannies arose Tyrant = one man seized power and ruled the polis Most were fair; a few were cruel and unjust Tyrannies ruled until 500 BCE Political and Social Change 500 BCE - 336 BCE city-states were oligarchies or democracies Oligarchy = a few wealthy people hold power Democracy = government by the people 2 most famous Greek city-states: Athens = democracy Sparta = oligarchy With the Rest of the Period • We will spend the rest beginning to examine two of the most power and famous of Greek city-states • These two city-states are probably two of the most recognizable names in the Ancient World Athens Sparta Venn Diagram • We are going to be learning about Sparta and Athens today • We will be doing so with a group work activity • We will also be using the Venn Diagrams that I will give you Venn Diagram • You are going to be assigned either Athens or Sparta and become experts on that city-state • You will be using your expertise to help teach fellow students about the city-state you have been assigned Venn Diagram • Some important things you should be looking for in your readings: • The economy of your city state • The accomplishments of your city-state • The type of government your city-state had • Your city states idea of citizenship • The art, culture, family structure, and daily life of your city-state Venn Diagram • When you have gathered information about your city state we will work together to complete your Venn diagram • Take this time to break into your groups and I will come by and tell you if your groups will be responsible for Sparta or responsible for Athens What To Do • I have created a Venn diagram for you guys to fill out comparing these two Greek city-states • You will be able to find the information on a number of different pages • Look on pages: 77-78, 80, 83-84 as well as the Athens & Sparta (Overview) City-States Bellwork •Which of the terms discussed refers to the area where trade and meetings take place? •Agora •What is the acropolis? •A fortified gathering place where religious temples and public buildings were Objective •WWBAT: Introduce major political, social, and economic characteristics of Greek CityStates •WWBAT: Begin working on gathering information about Sparta and Athens and comparing in a Venn Diagram • Complete our Venn diagrams on Athens/Sparta and discuss the major differences of these city-states SPARTA Athens SPARTA Athens SPARTA Athens SPARTA Athens SPARTA Athens Athens/Sparta Bellwork • Number you page 1-6 • I am going to provide you with 6 statements and you are going to decide if that statement is true of Athens, Sparta, or both • We will then come back together and see what people came up with • Be prepared to share you response and explain you choice Objective • WWBAT: Gather information on the different styles of government in Ancient Greece Polis Bellwork • What were three rights of citizens? • Voting rights/office, own land, represent self in court • Why were Greek colonies setup? • Food supply to meet population growth • What forms of government replaced the tyrants? • Oligarchy and democracy Objective •WWBAT: Complete Venn diagram on Athens and Sparta and compare similarities •WWBAT: Assign info sheet on forms of Greek government Statement # 1 This city-state was at least partially ruled by a Council of Nobles Statement # 2 •This city-state was highly militaristic Statement # 3 •This city-state had a limited democracy Statement # 4 •This city-state valued art, music, and philosophy Statement # 5 •This city-state valued women as the bearers of sons Statement # 6 This city-sate developed formal education systems for boys 9/11 Interview Extra Credit • Today I will be giving you your first extra credit opportunity • If you would like some extra credit I am going to ask you to interview someone about their experience and memory of the September 11th • Where were you and what were you doing when you first heard/became aware of the attacks? • How did you find out about the attacks? • What were your first feelings/emotions when you heard about the attacks? • What aspects of American life do you think were changed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks? • What are your thoughts and feelings toward the killing of Osama Bin Laden? Why do you feel this way? Explain. Interactive Notebook Set Up • 9/28/2015 • Athens/Sparta Venn Diagram • This will be on one page Forms of Government Bellwork • What is an oligarchy? • Government power/decision making is held by a small group of people • What are the two types of democracy learned about in class yesterday? • Direct and Representational • WWBAT: Present and discuss group projects on the Delian League • WWBAT: Complete gathering info on the forms of Greek Government Objective Comparing Democratic Systems Population: 300,000 Population: 3oo million Voters: 43,000 Voters: 203 million Direct Participation Representative Participation Only adult male citizens were eligible to vote All male and female citizens over the age of 18 are eligible to vote Daily Life in Pericles’ Athens • Largest Greek city-state • Slavery • Leading center of trade in Greece • Exported wine and olive oil • Imported grain • Limited freedom for Athenian women The Peloponnesian War, B.C. – 404 B.C. 431 Sparta v. Athens Pericles’ plan – stay in Athens Plague Athenian fleet destroyed in an attack on a Spartan ally Athens defeated, lost empire Marked the beginning of Greece’s decline Macedonians Invade Greece • King Philip II of Macedonia came to power in 359 BCE • Admired Greek culture and hoped to unite all of Greece under Macedonian rule • Greeks fell under Macedonian rule after 338 BCE Battle of Chaeronea • Phillip began to united Greek city-states to invade Persia Alexander the Great 356 BCE to 323 BCE Alexander the Great • Took the thrown at the age of 20! • Invaded Persia to fulfill his father’s plan, but also to avenge the burning of Athens and successful conquered the Persia • By 332 BCE Alexander controlled Syria, Palestine, and Egypt – built Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt • Spread Greek culture – language, art, architecture, literature, etc. throughout the North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia – the Greeks also absorbed aspects of eastern culture – led to the Hellenistic Era WWBAT: Discuss the life of Alexander the Great and the concept of greatness in the history