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Ancient Language Bellwork
• Copy down the following words
• Next to each word, write another English word that includes the underlined
portion and what you think the underlined root means
• astronomy
• biology
• orthodox
• horoscope
• Convert
What Language do you think this underlined sections come from?
CA: May Vary
GREEK!
Greek in English
Greek Root
Meaning
English Uses
astr(o)
star, star-shaped
astronomy, astrology, astrolabe
bio
life
biology, biography, biosphere
ortho
straight
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic
scop
look at, examine
horoscope, microscope, telescope
vert
turn
convert, extrovert, invert
Objective
• WWBAT: Create our own definitions for key terms relating to Greek citystates
• WWBAT: Begin working on placing key city-states and geographic
features of Ancient Greece
Interactive Notebook Setup
• 9/23/2015
• Greek City State Definitions and info
• This will be one page
City-States
Polis
Acropolis
Typical Polis
Agora
Colonies and Trade
Political and Social Change
The Aegean Area
 Ancient Greece included the Balkan Peninsula & small rocky islands in
the Aegean Sea
The Aegean Area
3/4 of Greek mainland =
mountains
 Protected Greeks from foreign
invaders/attackers
 Kept Greeks isolated from other
communities
 Prevented Greeks from uniting
under one government
Between the mountain ranges =
fertile plains good for farming
The Aegean Area
Mild climate
So people spent much of
their time outdoors
Meetings held in public
squares
Teachers met students in
public gardens
Actors performed in open
theaters
What’s Going on Today
• Today we will begin looking at the political climate and power
structure in Greece
• We will do so by defining some essential terms
• This will be done in a way we haven’t really done so far
What’s Going on Today
• I will provide you with a definition for each of the words
• It will be your job to:
• Create a definition of your own based on the definition and
information provided
City-State
• Definition: A state, usually with a city as it’s power center, that has
political and economic control over the surrounding area
• Now use this to create a definition of your own
Polis
• Definition: The early Greek city-state, consisting of a city or town,
and it’s surrounding countryside
• Now use this to create a definition of your own
The polis of Athens
Acropolis
• Definition: A fortified gathering place in Greek city-states at the top of
a hill, often the site of temples or public buildings
• Now use this to create a definition of your own
The Acropolis of Athens
Agora
• Definition: An open area in Greek city-states, below the acropolis,
which served as a public meeting place and market
• Now use this to create a definition of your own
The Agora of ancient Athens
The Aegean Area
Despite lack of government -- Greeks spoke
same language & practiced same religion
(polytheistic)
Greeks turned to the seas to earn a living -->
no place in Greece is more than 50 miles
from a coast
The Polis
Each polis
developed
independently, but
shared certain
features with other
city-states
The Typical Polis
Polis included: a city and the
surrounding villages, fields,
and orchards
At the center of the city = an
Acropolis = fortified hill
On top of Acropolis = temple
of the local god or goddess
Foot of Acropolis = the agora
= public square
The Typical Polis
Public square was
political center of the
polis
Citizens gathered there
to choose officials, pass
laws, etc.
Artisans & merchants
did business there
The Typical Polis
Citizens = those who took part in
government
Could vote and hold public office
Could speak for themselves in court
Could own property
In return: expected to serve in
government and protect the polis
The Typical Polis
Most Greeks were NOT citizens
Slaves, foreign-born, and women couldn’t be citizens
Greek Colonies & Trade
Increase in population after the “dark ages” -->
farmers couldn’t grow enough grain to feed everyone
Each polis sent out groups of people to set up
colonies
 Colonists sent grain back to the “parent city”
Greek Colonies & Trade
Farmers on mainland produced wine, olive oil, and
other cash crops for export
 Greek trade expanded throughout the Mediterranean
region
Greek Colonies & Trade
600s BCE Greeks replaced barter system with
money system
Began producing textiles (cloth) and pottery
Political and Social Change
 Greek communities first ruled by kings -- kings soon lost power
 Each polis was then ruled by landholding aristocrats = nobles
Political and Social Change
Disputes between aristocrats and
commoners (especially farmers) often arose
Farmers often had to borrow money from the
aristocrats until harvest
When they couldn’t pay back the money, the
aristocrats took the land, made farmers
become sharecroppers/day laborers, or sold
farmers into slavery
Political and Social Change
Farmers began to protest
Farmers were very
powerful in Greek armies
because they were the
foot soldiers
Greek armies relied on the
phalanx = rows of foot
soldiers close together
with shields to form a wall
Political and Social Change
 Middle-class artisans & merchants
wanted a voice in government &
joined the farmers in protest
 As a result of the unrest: tyrannies
arose
 Tyrant = one man seized power and
ruled the polis
 Most were fair; a few were cruel and
unjust
 Tyrannies ruled until 500 BCE
Political and Social Change
500 BCE - 336 BCE city-states
were oligarchies or democracies
 Oligarchy = a few wealthy people
hold power
 Democracy = government by the
people
 2 most famous Greek city-states:
 Athens = democracy
 Sparta = oligarchy
With the Rest of the Period
• We will spend the rest beginning to examine two of the most power
and famous of Greek city-states
• These two city-states are probably two of the most recognizable
names in the Ancient World
Athens
Sparta
Venn Diagram
• We are going to be learning about Sparta and Athens today
• We will be doing so with a group work activity
• We will also be using the Venn Diagrams that I will give you
Venn Diagram
• You are going to be assigned either Athens or Sparta and become
experts on that city-state
• You will be using your expertise to help teach fellow students about
the city-state you have been assigned
Venn Diagram
• Some important things you should be looking for in your readings:
• The economy of your city state
• The accomplishments of your city-state
• The type of government your city-state had
• Your city states idea of citizenship
• The art, culture, family structure, and daily life of your city-state
Venn Diagram
• When you have gathered information about your city state we will
work together to complete your Venn diagram
• Take this time to break into your groups and I will come by and tell
you if your groups will be responsible for Sparta or responsible for
Athens
What To Do
• I have created a Venn diagram for you guys to fill out comparing these
two Greek city-states
• You will be able to find the information on a number of different
pages
• Look on pages: 77-78, 80, 83-84 as well as the Athens & Sparta
(Overview)
City-States Bellwork
•Which of the terms discussed refers to the area
where trade and meetings take place?
•Agora
•What is the acropolis?
•A fortified gathering place where religious
temples and public buildings were
Objective
•WWBAT: Introduce major political, social,
and economic characteristics of Greek CityStates
•WWBAT: Begin working on gathering
information about Sparta and Athens and
comparing in a Venn Diagram
• Complete our Venn diagrams on Athens/Sparta and discuss the major
differences of these city-states
SPARTA
Athens
SPARTA
Athens
SPARTA
Athens
SPARTA
Athens
SPARTA
Athens
Athens/Sparta Bellwork
• Number you page 1-6
• I am going to provide you with 6 statements and you are going to
decide if that statement is true of Athens, Sparta, or both
• We will then come back together and see what people came up with
• Be prepared to share you response and explain you choice
Objective
• WWBAT: Gather information on the different styles of government in
Ancient Greece
Polis Bellwork
• What were three rights of citizens?
• Voting rights/office, own land, represent self in court
• Why were Greek colonies setup?
• Food supply to meet population growth
• What forms of government replaced the tyrants?
• Oligarchy and democracy
Objective
•WWBAT: Complete Venn diagram on
Athens and Sparta and compare
similarities
•WWBAT: Assign info sheet on forms of
Greek government
Statement # 1
This city-state was at least partially
ruled by a Council of Nobles
Statement # 2
•This city-state was highly
militaristic
Statement # 3
•This city-state had a limited
democracy
Statement # 4
•This city-state valued art, music,
and philosophy
Statement # 5
•This city-state valued women as
the bearers of sons
Statement # 6
This city-sate developed formal
education systems for boys
9/11 Interview Extra Credit
• Today I will be giving you your first extra credit opportunity
• If you would like some extra credit I am going to ask you to interview
someone about their experience and memory of the September 11th
• Where were you and what were you doing when you first heard/became
aware of the attacks?
• How did you find out about the attacks?
• What were your first feelings/emotions when you heard about the
attacks?
• What aspects of American life do you think were changed after the 9/11
terrorist attacks?
• What are your thoughts and feelings toward the killing of Osama Bin
Laden? Why do you feel this way? Explain.
Interactive Notebook Set Up
• 9/28/2015
• Athens/Sparta Venn Diagram
• This will be on one page
Forms of Government Bellwork
• What is an oligarchy?
• Government power/decision making is held by a small group of
people
• What are the two types of democracy learned about in class
yesterday?
• Direct and Representational
• WWBAT: Present and discuss group projects on the Delian League
• WWBAT: Complete gathering info on the forms of Greek Government
Objective
Comparing Democratic Systems
Population: 300,000
Population: 3oo million
Voters: 43,000
Voters: 203 million
Direct Participation
Representative Participation
Only adult male citizens
were eligible to vote
All male and female citizens
over the age of 18 are
eligible to vote
Daily Life in Pericles’ Athens
• Largest Greek city-state
• Slavery
• Leading center of trade in
Greece
• Exported wine and olive oil
• Imported grain
• Limited freedom for Athenian
women
The Peloponnesian War,
B.C. – 404 B.C.
431
 Sparta v. Athens
 Pericles’ plan – stay in
Athens
 Plague
 Athenian fleet destroyed in
an attack on a Spartan ally
 Athens defeated, lost empire
 Marked the beginning of
Greece’s decline
Macedonians Invade Greece
• King Philip II of Macedonia came to power
in 359 BCE
• Admired Greek culture and hoped to unite
all of Greece under Macedonian rule
• Greeks fell under Macedonian rule after
338 BCE Battle of Chaeronea
• Phillip began to united Greek city-states to
invade Persia
Alexander the
Great
356 BCE to 323
BCE
Alexander the Great
• Took the thrown at the age of 20!
• Invaded Persia to fulfill his father’s plan, but also to avenge the burning of
Athens and successful conquered the Persia
• By 332 BCE Alexander controlled Syria, Palestine, and Egypt – built
Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt
• Spread Greek culture – language, art, architecture, literature, etc. throughout the North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia – the Greeks
also absorbed aspects of eastern culture – led to the Hellenistic Era
WWBAT: Discuss the life of Alexander the Great and the
concept of greatness in the history