Download Genetics review

TEST NAME: review
TEST ID: 1070005
GRADE: 07 ­ Seventh Grade
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
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Page 1 of 18
Student: Class:
Date:
1. There are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. The genes for both A and B blood types are
dominant over O.
What is the probability of a father with blood type O and a mother with blood type AB producing
a child with blood type O?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
75%
D.
100%
2. Air pollution can influence a person’s quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air
pollution?
A.
It is a behavioral influence.
B.
It is a genetic influence.
C.
It is an environmental influence.
D.
It is a dietary influence.
3. In one breed of dog, short hair is the dominant allele (H) while long hair is the recessive allele
(h).
If both parents have short hair and the offspring has long hair, which statement best describes
the genetic characteristics of the offspring?
A.
The offspring received mutated genes from both parents.
B.
The offspring received one recessive allele from each parent.
C.
The offspring received one dominant allele from each parent.
D.
The offspring received a dominant and recessive allele from both parents.
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4. Sickle­cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects the blood. The table below lists some
characteristics of the disease. Genotype
Effects on
health? Can pass a
sickle cell allele on to children? Resistant
to
cholera?
Resistant
to
malaria? Homozygous, normal
(two normal alleles) no effect on health No No No Heterozygous
(one normal
allele and one
sickle cell allele)
no effect on health Yes
No
Yes
Homozygous
with sickle cell disease
(two copies of
the sickle cell
allele) can severely affect health Yes
No
No
People who are homozygous for the trait usually have many health problems. People who have
one copy of the sickle­cell allele are usually healthy. Would it ever beneficial to have one copy
of the sickle cell allele?
A.
yes, during an outbreak of cholera
B.
yes, during an outbreak of malaria
C.
no, because the allele does not protect against cholera
D.
no, because the allele does not protect against malaria
5. The muscle cells of an elephant contain 62 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in an
elephant egg cell?
A.
31
B.
62
C.
122
D.
244
6. Which function is accomplished by the formation of a haploid cell in sexually reproducing
organisms?
A.
production of a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes with genetic material from two parents
B.
production of offspring with identical chromosomal combinations from both parents
C.
elimination of genes that selection pressures are acting against
D.
deletion of genetic material that has mutated
7. Which statement most accurately describes the influences on a person’s length of life and
quality of life?
A.
Genes alone determine both the length and quality of life.
B.
Behaviors alone determine both the length and quality of life.
C.
Both behaviors and genes influence the length and quality of life.
D.
Neither genes nor behaviors influence the length or quality of life.
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8. Potatoes reproduce by growing sprouts on their surfaces as shown.
When planted, these sprouts grow into new plants. This is an example of
A.
seed production.
B.
fertilization.
C.
pollination.
D.
asexual reproduction.
9. Potatoes can reproduce asexually. Each sprout on a parent potato can grow into a new potato
plant.
How does the genetic material in the sprout compare to the parent potato?
A.
The sprout has a random genetic assortment.
B.
The sprout has twice the genetic material of the parent potato.
C.
The parent potato has twice the genetic material of the sprout.
D.
Both the sprout and the parent potato have the same genetic identity.
10. What can cause an offspring to have a physical trait neither of its parents has?
A.
a mutation in a parent’s body cell
B.
a mutation in a parent’s sex cell
C.
the natural selection of a trait
D.
the artificial selection of a trait
11. In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually
because the
A.
genetic diversity is greater.
B.
offspring would be genetically identical.
C.
recessive traits would emerge.
D.
negative traits are suppressed.
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12. In some plants, red flowers are dominant (R) and white flowers are recessive (r). Two plants are
crossed and the offspring have a possibility of red flowers and white flowers. Which Punnett
square shows the cross and its offspring?
A.
B.
C.
D.
13. A parent cell includes the alleles B and b for a trait. When the cell divides, each daughter cell
inherits one allele.
What does this process indicate about the organism from which the parent cell originated?
A.
it is a female
B.
it is unicellular
C.
it reproduces sexually
D.
it is genetically diverse
14. Onions can reproduce from bulbs. One parent bulb generates daughter bulbs with duplicate
genetic information. Which is the most likely advantage of this kind of reproduction?
A.
Population size remains constant.
B.
Beneficial mutations are inevitable.
C.
Genetic variation is maximized.
D.
Large quantities of individuals can be produced rapidly.
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15. An organism’s traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in
which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent’s offspring?
A.
sperm or egg
B.
egg or nerve
C.
nerve or muscle
D.
muscle or sperm
16. Which best describes sexual reproduction in all animals?
A.
Egg and sperm join together.
B.
Pollen and seed join together.
C.
Offspring have traits of only one parent.
D.
Offspring are identical to one parent.
17. Which statement describes a characteristic of both sexual and asexual reproduction?
A.
The processes require egg cells.
B.
New cells are produced.
C.
Two parents are required.
D.
The processes produce genetically unique offspring.
18. A gene mutates in a type of bacteria. When these bacteria reproduce asexually, this mutation
can only be inherited by
A.
different types of bacteria.
B.
cells in the bacteria that are non­reproductive.
C.
bacteria cells that are missing the gene.
D.
direct descendants of the bacteria.
19. When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring
A.
will be genetically identical to the parent plant.
B.
will be better able to adapt to the environment.
C.
will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.
D.
will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.
20. Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic
material?
A.
transcription
B.
replication
C.
crossing over
D.
spindle formation
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21. A diagram of a homologous pair of rabbit chromosomes is shown. Homologous pairs of
chromosomes code for the same traits and look alike.
In which cell is there is an absence of homologous chromosomes?
A.
bone
B.
gamete
C.
liver
D.
skin
22. A bacterium can reproduce quickly by splitting into two cells. Which of these best describes the
genetic make­up of the resulting two cells?
A.
They have the same amount of genetic material and are identical.
B.
They have the same amount of genetic material but are not identical.
C.
They have half the amount of genetic material, which grows in size.
D.
They have half the amount of genetic material, but then it duplicates itself.
23. Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes. Which best describes what can only occur after
meiosis?
A.
Parent cells can be either haploid or diploid.
B.
Products of cell division result in identical genotypes.
C.
Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell.
D.
The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division.
24. What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?
A.
blood cells
B.
neurons
C.
skin cells
D.
gametes
25. In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from
A.
sperm.
B.
seeds.
C.
pollen.
D.
eggs.
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26. In a population of cats, the gene for long hair (H) is dominant and the gene for short hair (h) is
recessive. A breeder crosses a heterozygous long­haired male with a homozygous short­haired
female.
In a litter of four kittens, what percentage should the breeder expect to have long hair?
A.
25%
B.
50%
C.
75%
D.
100%
27. Which plant cells contain half the DNA from one parent plant?
A.
xylem and phloem
B.
pollen and ovule
C.
epidermis and mesophyll
D.
pith and cambium
28. A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW) and produces plants with
pink flowers (RW). If two pink flowered plants are crossed, what color offspring could be
produced?
A.
red, white, and pink
B.
red and white
C.
pink and red
D.
pink and white
29. Which of the following is a result of the exchange of homologous chromosome parts during the
process of meiosis?
A.
random mutations
B.
decreased gamete number
C.
offspring with unique combinations of traits
D.
decreased number of alleles on each chromosome
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30. Allele A is dominant in mice and allele a is recessive. Two mice with the gene combination Aa
breed and produce four offspring as shown below.
Which offspring has the recessive phenotype?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
31. Which statement correctly explains how fertilization produces a diploid cell?
A.
RNA from male and female gametes is transcribed, producing DNA.
B.
Male and female gametes fuse, producing new combinations of alleles.
C.
The alleles from the female gamete are replicated, producing a complete genome.
D.
Beneficial alleles from each gamete replace their counterparts in the other gamete.
32. A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. Which diagram represents mitosis in a human body
cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
33. Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are
A.
unicellular.
B.
multicellular.
C.
genetically varied.
D.
genetically identical.
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34. Results from a simple heredity investigation can be displayed as a Punnett square, as a ratio, or
as a fraction.
All three methods can be used because
A.
three results are possible from a simple hereditary investigation.
B.
three generations of offspring can be produced in a simple hereditary investigation.
C.
all three methods can be used to show a different variation in the results.
D.
all three methods can be used to show the same information.
35. A child’s sex is determined by the sex chromosomes of which person?
A.
grandfather
B.
grandmother
C.
mother
D.
father
36. Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?
A.
capable of reproducing by meiosis
B.
ability to reproduce without a mate
C.
ability to produce genetically different offspring
D.
capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent
37. Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?
A.
the process of meiosis in a fruit fly
B.
fertilization of a chicken egg
C.
binary fission in an amoeba
D.
the process of embryo development in a mouse
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38. In a gerbil population, the gene for coarse hair (H) is dominant, while the gene for smooth hair
(h) is recessive. One pet store found that most of their customers want coarse­haired gerbils.
Which cross between male and female gerbils will produce the greatest number of coarse­
haired offspring?
A.
B.
C.
D.
39. What has to happen for an inherited trait to increase in a population?
A.
Organisms with the trait need to live longer lives than organisms without the trait.
B.
Organisms with the trait need to bear more offspring than organisms without the trait.
C.
Organisms with the trait need to have more siblings than organisms without the trait.
D.
Organisms with the trait need to grow bigger bodies than organisms without the trait.
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40. A particular peach tree produces peaches that are more resistant to disease than other peaches.
What method would reproduce these exact peaches?
A.
use bees to pollinate the flowers
B.
reproduce by cross­pollination of different peach trees
C.
increase the diversity in the peach tree
D.
ensure that the peach tree reproduces asexually
41. A snapdragon plant with red flowers (RR) is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers
(WW). Snapdragon flowers show incomplete dominance. A Punnett square of the cross is shown
below.
If the cross produces four offspring, how many of each color flower would likely be produced?
A.
four red flowers
B.
four pink flowers
C.
two red flowers and two pink flowers
D.
two white flowers and two pink flowers
42. Vertebrate animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction. Which is an advantage of this
type of reproduction?
A.
Time and energy is used to find a mate in the population.
B.
There is increased genetic diversity within the population.
C.
The offspring grows faster than one that is produced asexually.
D.
The offspring receives its DNA from one parent and is identical to that parent.
43. Which phrase does not describe asexual reproduction in organisms?
A.
requires two parents
B.
little variation in offspring
C.
only one type of cell involved
D.
duplicates its genetic material
44. All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a
single
A.
egg.
B.
sperm.
C.
virus.
D.
parent.
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45. The gametes of human males and females have the same number of chromosomes. Which best
describes what happens to the chromosomes when typical male and female gametes combine
to produce offspring?
A.
The chromosomes change shape.
B.
The number of chromosomes doubles.
C.
The chromosomes become larger in size.
D.
The number of chromosomes reduces by half.
46. Use the Punnett square to answer the question that follows. In a monohybrid cross between two organisms heterozygous for a particular trait (Ff), what
would be the predicted ratio of the offspring's genotypes?
A.
1 FF: 3 Ff: 1 ff
B.
1 FF: 2 Ff: 1 ff
C.
2 FF: 2 Ff
D.
3 Ff: 1 ff
47. A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is
A.
being able to conserve energy.
B.
having large numbers of offspring.
C.
greater genetic diversity.
D.
longer life spans.
48. Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the
other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?
A.
both inherited and acquired traits
B.
a new combination of traits
C.
beneficial genetic traits
D.
a complete set of traits
49. What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?
A.
Reproduction occurs rapidly.
B.
Reproductive competition is increased.
C.
Mating compatibility improves.
D.
Diversity increases between generations.
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50. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where
does meiosis occur?
A.
brain cells
B.
bone cells
C.
muscle cells
D.
ovary cells
51. The Punnett square shows the cross between cabbage butterflies. B = white and b = yellow.
Why are all the offspring white?
A.
Both parent butterflies were dominant for white color.
B.
Only one parent butterfly carried recessive yellow traits.
C.
Only one parent carried dominant and recessive color genes.
D.
Both parent butterflies carried recessive genes for yellow color.
52. Why does sexual reproduction result in more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?
A.
Traits from two parents are combined.
B.
More organisms reproduce this way.
C.
Offspring grow in different environments.
D.
Offspring come from identical parents.
53. A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant
A.
resulted from sexual reproduction.
B.
resulted from asexual reproduction.
C.
will develop many seeds.
D.
will have large leaves.
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54. This diagram illustrates a type of reproductive process in an organism.
Based on this information, what conclusion about the offspring labeled “A” is supported?
A.
It has acquired traits in response to its environment.
B.
It has a lower mass of genetic material than offspring B.
C.
It has the same genetic material as its parent.
D.
It has half as much genetic material as its parent.
55. Bacteria are organisms that reproduce asexually. What would the traits inherited by a newly
produced bacterium be like?
A.
different from the traits of the single parent
B.
the same traits as the single parent
C.
different from the traits of two parents
D.
similar traits as two parents
56. Daffodils are plants that can perform both asexual and sexual reproduction. How does a daffodil
population benefit more by reproducing sexually than asexually?
A.
It can reproduce more rapidly.
B.
It can adapt faster to its environment.
C.
It can increase the diversity of inherited traits.
D.
It can eliminate unfavorable traits from the gene pool.
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57. Some organisms reproduce sexually while other organisms reproduce asexually. Which would
be an example of asexual reproduction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
58. Which most accurately describes all behavior?
A.
All behavior is affected only by experience.
B.
All behavior is affected only by inheritance.
C.
All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.
D.
All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.
59. Some fungi can reproduce either asexually or sexually, resulting in offspring with different
characteristics. Sexually produced offspring have
A.
a complex level of cell organization.
B.
a number of organelles in each cell.
C.
a lesser risk of having mutations than asexually produced offspring.
D.
a combination of genetic material from each parent cell.
60. Below are some influences on a person’s quality of life.
Influences on the Quality of Life
1 inheriting genetic diseases
2 using tobacco products
3 eating healthy food
4 drinking clean water
Which is least controlled by human behavior?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
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61. Many invertebrate animals, such as the hydra, reproduce asexually.
What form of reproduction in this stage of the life cycle of the hydra is shown in the diagram?
A.
fission
B.
budding
C.
fragmentation
D.
meiosis
62. When an egg and sperm form an embryo, the offspring that is formed will have genetic traits
that are
A.
inherited from only one parent.
B.
created by the environment.
C.
passed on from two parents.
D.
learned from siblings.
63. Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?
A.
budding
B.
regeneration
C.
pollination
D.
fragmentation
64. Which is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?
A.
Half of the offspring have learned traits similar to the parents.
B.
All of the learned traits pass from parents to offspring.
C.
All of the inherited traits are the same as the parents.
D.
Half of the inherited traits come from two parents.
65. An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it does not require fertilization. What advantage
do the offspring of sexual reproduction most likely have as a result of fertilization?
A.
The DNA variation in offspring may allow survival in a changing environment.
B.
The DNA of the offspring is the same as the parent.
C.
The offspring must use energy to find a mate.
D.
The offspring are identical.
66. If the weather patterns change and stay colder, what is one way a mammal most likely will
adapt to this change?
A.
eat less
B.
hibernate
C.
grow a thicker coat of fur
D.
increase its body temperature
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