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Name Class Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds Date it (pases tB) This section erplains how the element carbon is able to form millions of carbon, or organic, compounds.It also desuibes four grou?s of organic compounds found in lfuing things. The Chemistry of Carbon (page rt4) 1. How many valence electrons does each carbon atom have? 2, What gives carbon the ability tolorm chains that are ahnost unlimited in iength? Macromolecules (page 45) 3. Many of the molecules in Iiving cells are so large that they are lcrown as . 4. lAlhat is the process called-by which macromolecules are formed? 5. When monomers join together, what do they form? 6. \ ,rtnt are four.gxoups of organic compourtds-fsund in living things? a. i@ @ @ E b. o c. I d. o E Carbohydrates E= E o e @ 4 (pages 4s-48) 7. \Alhat atoms make up carbohydrates? O 8. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about carbohydrates. a. Starches and sugars are exarnples of carbohydrates. b. Living things use them as their main source of energy. c. The monomers in sugar polymers are starch molecules. d. Plants and some animals use them for skength and rigidity. 9. Single sugar molecules are also called 10. Circ1e the letter of each monosacdraride. c. glucose d. fructose a. galactose b. glycogen 11. What are polysaccharides? \- 12. How do plants and animals store excess sugar? Lipids (pages 4r-<7) L3. What kinfu of atoms are lipids mosfly made up ofl \ 14. What are tluee common categories of lipids? b. 15. Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called . 16. Circie the letter of eaeh way that fats are used in iiving things. a. As parts of biologica-l membranes b. To store energy c. To give plants rigrdify d; As chemical rnessengers i7. Complete tI-re table about lipids. KINDS OF LIPIDS Kind of Lipid Description @ E @ E a a Each carbon atom in carbon atom by a single bond. r h = o Unsaturated !'r A lipid's fatty acids contain more than one double bond. = -\/ E'\ av @ o = @ Nucleic Acids {pase 47) 18. Nudeic acids contain what kinds of atoms? 19. The monomerc that make up nudeic acids are larown as 20. Anudeotide consists of what tluee parts? 21. lAlhat is the function of nudeic acids in 22. What are two kinds of nucleic acifu? a. b. Proteins (pages qz4l) 23. Proteirs contain what kinds of atoms? liri.g things? /; 2+. Proteins are polvrr.ers of molecules called 25. What are four roles that proteins play in liriog things? a. b. c. d. ts E u qo @ Section 24 chemical Reactions and Enzymes This section describes wlnt happens to chemicalbonds duins ckemical reacti.ons. It__also explains how m*gy changes ffict whether"a chemical reaction w{ll occur and descibes the impoiancl af enzymes to living things. (pases 4e_s3) Chemical Reactiofls (page 4e) 1. l{hat is a chemical reaction? 2- Complete the table about chemicars in a chemical reaction. CHEMICALS IN A CHEMICAL REACTION Chemicals 3. Chemical reactions always involve changes in chemical E-nergy in Reactiors (pase 5o) 4. trAlhat is released or absorbec whenever chemical bonds form or. are broken? 5. what do chentica-l reactions that absorb energ.y need to occur? 6. Chsmsts cali.the energ'y needed to get a reaction started the 7. Complete the graph of an energyreleasing reaction by adding taEits to show the errergy of the reactants, the energy of the products, and the activation energ.y. o E d o h Gourse of Reaction -----+ = o EnzSnrres (pages 51-52) 8. What is a catalyst? 9. Proteins that act as biological catalysts are caLled 10. How do ceIls use enzymes? 11. From what is part of an enzyme,s nam.e usually derived? Enzyrr.e Action (pages s2-ss) 12. The reactants of enzyme.catalyzed reactions are lcrown as L3. why are the active site and the substrates in an enzFne_catalyzed reaction oftm compared to a 1ock and kev? _ 14- The binding together of an enzyme and a substrate for:ns a(an) 15. How do most cel1s regulate the activity of enzymes? WordWise tlle !:"y.n 5u17tions.6y.atriti1tg thq circledtettn(s) in the correct aocaburary \e zuite a dsnitionforeachlmntu 'Ihnt, find tnm in the brantcs. thehidd.ioocaihuii-;;;;" the hidden word,. C1ues . : .. . Vocabulary Terrns What is a negatively charged subatomic What is the basic unit of matts? partide? jnations of many monomers? What is an orgarric compound called that is used. r1o* elergy_and forrrs important parts of Jg biological membranes? .- O _-:< prcduced by a dremjca-l reiction? l4lhat is.the f-ype 9f gr:xture whose components are evenly distibuted ttuoughout? What is an atom ca-lled that has a positive or nesative cha-rge as a result of gaining or lo&ng . lAtrhat is a "t""t*sf--'- monomer of nucleic acids caIled? Hidden Word: Defilition: _ O_ O comb What is an element or compound ca1led that is _ e o O O O