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The Crusades
By
Marco Storchi, Maureen Chudnovsky and Mariano
Tortorelli
What are The Crusades?
First Crusade
(1095-1099)
Children’s Crusade
(1212)
Third Crusade
(1187-1192)
Sixth Crusade
(1228-1229)
Fourth Crusade
(1202-1204)
Second Crusade
(1147-1149)
PICTURES
Eighth Crusade
(1270)
Seventh Crusade
(1248-1254)
Fifth Crusade
(1217-1221)
Web Sites
Ninth Crusade
(1271-1272)
What are the Crusades?
The Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a
religious character waged by much of Christian Europe
during 1095–1291, most of which were sanctioned by the
Pope in the name of Christendom. The Crusades originally
had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the sacred
"Holy Land" from Muslim rule.
The First Crusade
(1095-1099)
At a meeting held in Clermont, France, Pope Urban II called
for a crusade (holy war) to recapture the Holy Land from
the MuslimS.
The Second Crusade
(1147-1149)
After a period of relative peace in which Christians and
Muslims co- existed in the Holy Land. French and South
German armies marched to Jerusalem in 1147 but failed to
win any major victories. In the Holy Land by 1150, both
kings returned to their countries without any result.
The Third Crusade
(1187-1192)
In 1187, Saladin, recaptured Jerusalem. Pope Gregory VIII
called for a crusade, which was led by Philip II of France,
Richard I of England and Frederick I. Richard did not
believe he would be able to hold Jerusalem because
Frederick had drowned and Philip had left. Richard left
the following year after establishing a truce with
Saladin.
The Fourth Crusade
(1202-1204)
It was initiated in 1202 by Pope Innocent III, with the
intention of invading the Holy Land through Egypt. After a
series of misunderstandings and outbreaks of violence, the
crusaders sacked the city in 1204.
The Children’s Crusade
(1212)
It took place in 1212. The leader of the French army,
Stephen, led 30,000 children. The leader of the German
army, Nicholas, led 7,000 children. None of the children
actually reached the Holy Land.
The Fifth Crusade
(1217-1221)
It took place in 1217 , and was led by Andrew II of Hungary
And Leopold VI of Austria. They captured the city of
Damietta, but could not hold it for long. Leopold and
Andrew were offered control of Jerusalem and other
Christian sites in the Holy Land in exchange for the return
Of Damietta to Muslim control. But Cardinal Pelagius
refused the offer.
The Sixth Crusade
(1228-1229)
It was started by Pope Gregory IX. He nonetheless set sail
From Brindisi, landed in Palestine, and through diplomacy
he achieved unexpected success: Jerusalem, Nazareth, and
Bethlehem were delivered to the crusaders for a period of
ten years.
The Seventh Crusade
(1248-1254)
Louis IX of France organized a crusade against Egypt from
1248 to 1254. It was a failure, and Louis spent much of the
crusade living at the court of the crusader kingdom in
aCre. in The midsT of This Crusade was The firsT shepherds‘
Crusade in 1251.
The Eighth Crusade
(1270)
It was started again by Louis IX in 1270. The crusade was
diverted to Tunis, where Louis spent only two months before
dying.
The Ninth Crusade
(1271-1272)
The Ninth Crusade was Led by King Edward I of England in
1271. It was an attempt to defeat the Mamluk sultan of
Baibers. The crusade failed, and Edward returned home to
England upon learning of the death of his father, Henry III.
Pictures
Web Sites
•www.google.com
•www.wikipedia.org
Thanks!
Moru, Marco and
Mario