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Phrase or Clause? through the ominous woods Answer: phrase Phrase or Clause? When I said yes Answer: clause Phrase or Clause? Since I was not alone Answer: clause Phrase or Clause? Reading the hidden messages in the cool nigh air Answer: phrase Prepositional (2) Verbal (3) The Phrase… We’ll Start with 3 Overall Kinds: Appositive “You hear and use them all the time; now let’s recognize them!” Definition of a Phrase: A group of words that does NOT have a subject and a verb, and acts as 1 part of speech. The Prepositional Phrase! Petey the Preposition Mouse! The Prepositional Phrase Consists of These Things: 1. A Preposition 2. An object (N or Prn) 3. Any modifiers of that object “Anywhere a mouse can go!” There are 2 kinds of these! You know this one already! Remember your song! Don’t forget the Preposition Box! **Hint… find the preposition and go until you see the first noun and stop….that’s your 1. He was riding (on his skateboard). Prepositional Phrase! 2. I am a huge fan (of Twilight). For Example… 3. My dad enjoys hunting (in the woods). Find the Prep. Phrases in the Find the Prep. Phrase in the following sentences along with the following sentences. object of the preposition. 1. We were eating chicken wings at BW3’s. 2. I watched ESPN on television last night. 3. He rode his dirt bike through the mud. “There Are 2 Types of Prepositional Phrases.” Example: Sarah is the one (with the pink dress). The phrase is describing which one, (a Noun) Let’s start with the Adjective Phrase…what is it? “You know what an adjective is right?” “Yes, it describes a noun or pronoun! So…the definition of an Adj. Phrase is: a prep. phrase that describes a N or Prn. Now…the Adverb Phrase (Another Prepositional Phrase) “Don’t hide! It’s just as easy since you know what an adverb is right?” An Adverb describes: V, Adj., Adv. “before the holidays” is describing when to finish (a verb) so it has to be an adverb phrase. And… “before” is a preposition & this is a type of prep. phrase! The End… for Day 1!!! Take 2!!! VERBAL PHRASES… 1. Gerund Phrase There are 3 kinds 2. Infinitive Phrase 3. Participial Phrase **Verbal: a word that is formed from a Verb, but is used as a N, Adj., or Adv.** “I’m not a verb!” It’s like a verb in disguise! Smiling is formed from the verb smile, but is acting as an Adj. describing child. So…A verbal Phrase: has a form of a verb that acts as another POS GERUND PHRASE… A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun! For example: (Skiing down that slope) was fun. So, a Gerund Phrase has: - a gerund -a modifier -& the entire phrase is used as a noun Example: (Listening to Scream-O music at high volume) may cause you to lose your hearing later in life! EXAMPLE: Texting at school can get you in trouble. A gerund phrase can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence. Look! Q: What is the gerund phrase? A: Texting at school…(at the beginning of the sentence.) = Examples Continued… Our favorite thing to do this weekend will be playing video games on Xbox. Q: What is the gerund phrase? A: Playing video games on Xbox…(at the end of the sentence.) Playing video games on Xbox is acting as 1 Noun INFINITIVE PHRASE… A verb form that can be used as a Noun, an Adj., or an Adv. *Most infinitives begin with “to”. Example: The crowd grew quiet to hear the movie Stepbrothers What word is the infinitive phrase describing? grew… Making the infinitive phrase act as what part of speech? An Adverb! Let’s Try Some… Tell me the infinitive phrase in each sentence. Tell me if it is used as an N, Adj, or Adv. 1. Hearing Beyonce’s new song is one way to change your mood. Inf. Phrase: to change your mood POS: Adjective, describing way 2. We used the new DVD player to watch Stepbrothers. Inf. Phrase: to watch Stepbrothers POS: Adverb, describing used 3. I learned to laugh and make jokes from Will Ferrell. Inf. Phrase: to laugh and make jokes POS: Noun, because “to laugh and make jokes” is the DO of the verb learned, making that object a Noun. **Remember…Infinitive starts with “to”!!! The Participial Phrase “Isn’t that some kind of a mammal?” What the heck does participial mean? Participial is derived from participle and a participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. Here are some examples: Present participles end in –ing: The smiling child waved. Smiling, a form of the verb smile, is describing the noun child, making it (smiling) an adjective. Examples Continued on next page Def: Verb acting as an Adj. Participle Examples Continued… *Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some are irregularly formed. Examples: 1. The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse. **Abandoned is a form of the verb abandon and modifies/describes warehouse so it is an adjective. 2. This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique. **Bought, a form of the verb buy, describes the noun plate, so bought is an adjective here. Ok, so those are participles, but what is a participial phrase? “Well, a phrase is a group of words, so a Participial Phrase must consist of a participle and anything describing it!” Let’s Practice… Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it modifies. 1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by millions of people. Part. Phrase: Noted for its convenience Word it Modifies: FaceBook 2. IPhones are wonderful inventions used by people everywhere. Part. Phrase: used by people everywhere Word it Modifies: IPhones Q:What is a gerund phrase? A: Group of words that has a verb form ending in –ing in it w/ other modifiers & acts as a noun. Q: What is an infinitive phrase? A. Group of words that has a verb form that can act as another part of speech; **usually starts with “to”. Q: What is an participial phrase? A: A group of words that has a participle and any other **the whole phrase acts as an adjective. modifiers; Last Practice Before You’re a Pro!!! Identify the phrase in each sentence and then tell what type it is. 1. Some people like listening to hip hop music. Phrase:Listening to hip hop music Type: Gerund 2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like a good episode. Phrase: playing on the TV Type: Participial Because ‘playing on the TV’ Why? describes American Idol, making the verb form playing an adjective. Continued Practice… 3. Some believe that Ferdinand Magellan was taken away by zombies. Phrase: by zombies Type: Prepositional Phrase: Adverb Phrase, describing how he was taken Last One!!!!! 4. In the United States, citizens have the right to speak their minds. Phrase: to speak their minds Type: Infinitive Phrase Why? It starts with “to” and it describes “right”, making the verb form “speak” an adjective. Phrase #2: In the United States Type?: Prepositional Phrase The End for Day 2!!! Take 3!!! The Appositive Phrase Example: I chose 1 person, the girl in the pink, to pass out the papers. Reasoning:“the girl in the pink” is describing person and is placed directly beside that Noun. WE ARE DONE! THE END “Don’t be a dead fish! That was fun right?!?!?!” Time for a quick check with parts of speech! There’s a Test Tomorrow! POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Personal My iPhone, which may be cracked, still works. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Relative I, myself, spend 90% of my time on Tumblr. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Intensive Does anyone have a bike? POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Indefinite I love to listen to popular music. POS: Adjective I totally don’t care about that at all! POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Demonstrative I love to listen to Lil Wayne music one way only, loudly! POS: Adverb I have an orange! POS: Adjective Type of Adjective: Indefinite Article I want the iguana and a matching hat. POS: Adjective Type of Adjective: Article A=Indefinite Article, The=Definite Article The iguana would actually look cute in the hat. POS: Preposition My homework is complicated. POS: Adjective Friendship is magic. POS: Noun Type of Noun: Common, Abstract, Compound I looked around for concert tickets, but couldn’t find any! POS: Adverb POS: Conjunction Type of Conj: Coordinating (FANBOY) My parents think of themselves as my wardens. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Reflexive When my parents try to be cool, they’re still not. POS: Conjunction Type of Conj: Subordinating POS: Interjection It is fun to have friends that have the same interests as you. POS: Pronoun Type of Pronoun: Relative I am an American citizen. POS: Adjective Type of Adjective: Proper That dog is the cutest thing I’ve ever seen!! POS: Adjective POS: Preposition The End! Test Tomorrow! Study! Ok, let’s switch to a review of phrases! Q: What 2 main things does a prepositional phrase have? A: • Preposition • Object Q: What 2 characteristics does an infinitive phrase have? A: • Starts with to • Has a verbal Q: Why? A: Because it has a preposition and an object, and no verbal A: Prepositional Phrase A: Because it has a preposition and an object, and no verbal Q: Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase… (To see the mysterious object) Q: Why? Q: Gerund Phrase or Participial Phrase… (Seeing my shadow on the foggy path) made me weary to proceed through the rusted gate. Q: Why? A: Because the phrase is acting as the subject of the sentence, which makes it a noun, and it ends in “ing” Q: Why? A: Because the verbal “Seeing” is acting as an adjective describing “I”. Q: Is the underlined word a verb or verbal? A: Acting like a fool in English class is not appreciated by Willy Shakes. Q: What specific kind of verbal is it and why? A: Gerund because it ends in “ing” and is acting as a noun