Download EVOLUTION 129Q

TEST NAME: EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
TEST ID: 194745
GRADE: 08
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 1 of 38
Student: Class:
Date:
1.
Four species of Galapagos finches are shown below.
Which best explains why the birds evolved with differently shaped beaks?
A.
They interbred with each other.
B.
Some birds had defective gene pools.
C.
All of the birds ate the same type of food.
D.
They adapted to eating different types of food.
2. Wild blackberries reproduce asexually by sprouting new roots when stems touch the ground. They also
reproduce sexually through their flowers. What is the advantage of the blackberry plant being able to
reproduce sexually and asexually?
A.
It allows the plants to grow taller.
B.
It produces flowers that attract insects.
C.
It produces blackberries that have more flavor.
D.
It allows blackberry plants to adapt to new conditions.
3.
Which most likely led to major changes in biological evolution? A.
separation of landmasses
B.
short time periods of drought conditions
C.
long time periods with no volcanic eruptions
D.
migration of animals from one area to another
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 2 of 38
4.
Which best supports the idea of continental drift?
A.
Coastlines are constantly changing shape due to erosion.
B.
Earthquakes are frequently felt in many regions of the world.
C.
Glaciers currently exist in areas considered too warm for glaciers to
form.
D.
Fossilized remains of the same plants and animals are found on
different continents.
5.
Which characteristic of organisms allows them to adapt to problems in
their environment?
A.
genetic variation
B.
genetic isolation
C.
genetic drift
6.
Poison ivy has developed genetic adaptation to defend itself against
consumers. Which characteristic would most likely increase the ivy’s
chance of survival?
A.
sweet taste of the plant
B.
color variation of the leaves
C.
oily substance on the leaves
7.
Which is the best sign of the ability of an organism to survive and
reproduce in evolutionary biology?
A.
the number of offspring that survive to reproduce
B.
the physical traits of the offspring
C.
the behavior of the offspring
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 3 of 38
8.
Which best describes the relationship between genetic variation and an
organism’s ability to adapt to its environment?
A.
The environment causes genetic variation in a population of
organisms, which allows them to adapt to their environment.
B.
Genetic variations in a population of organisms result in individuals
with similar genetic traits and the ability to adapt to their
environment.
C.
Organisms of a population have certain traits that enable them to
adapt to changes in the environment, survive, and pass these traits
on to offspring.
D.
A population of organisms with little genetic variation is better able
to adapt to changes in their environment than organisms with a lot of
genetic variation.
9.
Which best describes an inherited trait that gives an organism a survival
advantage in its particular environment?
A.
an adaptation
B.
an offspring
C.
a mutation
10.
Which best describes the purpose of mixing gene pools?
A.
increases the number of organisms
B.
promotes genetic variation
C.
reduces genetic variation
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 4 of 38
11.
Relationships in a grassland ecosystem are shown below.
Which best describes the changes in the populations of brown
grasshoppers and green grasshoppers over time in this grassland
ecosystem?
A.
The populations of brown grasshoppers and green grasshoppers will
both increase over time.
B.
The population of brown grasshoppers will increase over time, while
the population of green grasshoppers will decrease over time.
C.
The population of brown grasshoppers will decrease rapidly over time,
while the population of green grasshoppers will decrease gradually
over time.
12.
What do scientists most often use to form the basis for biological
classification?
A.
dietary habits
B.
population size
C.
geographic location
D.
comparative anatomy
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 5 of 38
13.
A new type of plant was discovered on a newly­formed volcanic island.
The island is hundreds of miles away from the mainland. Which
hypothesis best explains how the plant arrived?
A.
It spontaneously generated.
B.
It was carried there by humans.
C.
It was carried there by wind or waves.
D.
It was already present in volcanic materials.
14.
Based on the illustration, which species is least suited for cracking
seeds? A.
Geospiza magnirostris
B.
Geospiza fortis
C.
Geospiza parvula
D.
Certhidea olivacea
15.
Which best explains the separate evolution of African and Asian
elephants?
A.
overhunting
B.
volcanic activity
C.
splitting of Pangaea
D.
extinction of dinosaurs
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 6 of 38
16.
Which must vary among organisms in order to create adaptations that
help those organisms survive?
A.
physical appearance
B.
body composition
C.
genetic make­up
D.
chemical balance
17.
The feathers of a wild turkey allow it to blend into its habitat. Which
best describes this adaptation?
A.
mimicry
B.
predation
C.
camouflage
D.
learned behavior
18. A student wants to relate how different animals move according to their body structure. Which would be
best for the student to observe?
A.
a cat, a dog, and a horse
B.
a fish, a lizard, and a snake
C.
a shark, a seal, and a dolphin
D.
a bacteria, a human, and a fungus
19.
The prairie dog has many adaptions to its ecosystem. Which best
explains the genetic variation in the prairie dog that provided adaptation
to its ecosystem?
A.
exceptional vision to see a great distance on the prairie
B.
claws to dig tunnels for shelter from predators
C.
long tails to anchor themselves to trees
20.
Which best explains the relationship between evolution and natural
selection?
A.
Evolution causes natural selection.
B.
Evolution prevents natural selection.
C.
Natural selection prevents evolution.
D.
Natural selection is one aspect of evolution.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 7 of 38
21.
Which adaptation best allows organisms to adjust to the harsh winters
of the tundra?
A.
thick fur
B.
long ears
C.
large, glossy leaves
22. Organisms are classified in three domains:
1. Archaea 2. Bacteria
3. Eukarya
Organisms that live in extremely hot or acidic environments belong to
A.
1 only.
B.
2 only.
C.
1 and 2 only.
D.
1, 2, and 3.
23.
Which is an example of the forelimbs of humans and bats having the
same basic skeletal structure but derived from the same evolutionary
origin?
A.
cellular structures
B.
analogous structures
C.
homologous structures
24.
What characteristic of living things helps them to adapt to a changing
environment?
A.
cryptic coloration
B.
genetic variation
C.
phenotypic characteristics
25.
Evolution can best be described as which type of change?
A.
absolute change
B.
extreme change
C.
gradual change
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 8 of 38
26.
In which way are desert plants best adapted to live in a dry area?
A.
They lack a root system.
B.
They have woody stems.
C.
They lack broad, flat leaves.
27.
Which best represents an adaptation that allows ducks to survive in
aquatic ecosystems?
A.
Ducks are warm­blooded.
B.
Ducks breathe through lungs.
C.
Ducks have waterproof feathers.
28.
Polar bears are naturally found in Arctic environments characterized by
snow, ice, and extremely low temperatures. Which best describes an
evolutionary adaptation that allows polar bears to survive in this
environment?
A.
Polar bears have a thick layer of fur and a layer of fat under their
skin.
B.
Polar bears are warm­blooded.
C.
Polar bears are carnivores.
29.
Which best explains the gaps in the evolutionary history of Earth’s life
forms?
A.
The soft parts of organisms are the only parts preserved as fossils.
B.
Environmental changes prevented the formation of fossils.
C.
Many organisms died without leaving behind fossil remains.
D.
Extinct organisms did not form fossils.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 9 of 38
30.
Why is genetic variation within a species important for the survival of the
species?
A.
It will likely result in larger individuals in the species.
B.
It will likely result in the species becoming predators.
C.
It will likely result in more intelligent individuals in the species.
D.
It will likely result in individuals in the species being able to adapt to
their environment.
31.
Which is most likely to affect a species’s chances of survival after a
sudden environmental change?
A.
genetic drift
B.
genetic variation
C.
genetic mutation
32.
What best describes natural selection?
A.
genetic variation by reproduction
B.
changes in environment
C.
survival of the fittest
33.
Throughout fossil records, many species appearing in lower layers of rock
disappear in higher layers of rock. Which best explains their
disappearance?
A.
The species became extinct.
B.
The species moved to another geographic location.
C.
The fossil remains were disrupted by an earthquake.
D.
Environmental conditions were not suitable for fossil formation.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 10 of 38
34.
James is examining two different fossil specimens. The fossils of both
organisms show wings with similar bone structure. Which conclusion can
James most likely make?
A.
The organisms are of different species.
B.
The organisms are of the same species.
C.
The wings allowed the organisms to fly long distances.
D.
The wings served the same function in both organisms.
35.
Due to a genetic variation, a cheetah is unable to run as fast as other
normal cheetahs. Which would be the most important for the survival of
the cheetah?
A.
competition for prey
B.
competition for mates
C.
competition for shelter
36.
Which best explains how environment and genetic variation contribute to
the difference in a species’ physical appearance?
A.
The climate becomes colder and a new species develops.
B.
The climate becomes colder and a species becomes extinct.
C.
The climate becomes colder and a species adapts to the change.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 11 of 38
37.
In the rain forest, the thick foliage allows limited sunlight to filter
through to the forest floor. Which wild cat species is best adapted to
living in the rain forest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
38.
Which best describes a species of lizards that adapt to survive under
new environmental conditions?
A.
The adapted lizards are a different species as the original lizards.
B.
The adapted lizards are the same species as the original lizards.
C.
The adapted lizards have no relation to the original lizards.
39.
Two different species of frogs live in the same habitat but never
reproduce with each other. Which most likely accounts for their failure to
mate?
A.
The frog species have different dietary needs.
B.
The frog species have different physical appearances.
C.
The frog species are active during different times of the day.
D.
The frog species are genetically designed with different behaviors.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 12 of 38
40.
Which geological event is most likely to cause greater diversity in animal
populations?
A.
landmasses splitting apart
B.
landmasses coming together
C.
landmasses becoming larger
D.
landmasses sinking beneath the sea
41.
Which characteristic of a population would most affect its survival when
threatened by global climate change?
A.
biochemical adaptation
B.
genetic specialization
C.
genetic diversity
42.
Which best illustrates how comparative anatomy supports the modern
theory of evolution?
A.
Whales have finger bones in their fins.
B.
Alligators have eyes positioned to peek out just above the waterline.
C.
The African lion’s tan coat blends in with the environment, helping it
to stalk prey.
D.
Koalas rarely need to drink because they get most of their water from
the eucalyptus leaves they eat.
43.
The human arm contains the radius and ulna bones. Whales, bats, and
dogs also have these bones. Which statement best explains this
relationship between the organisms?
A.
Humans evolved from whales, bats, and dogs.
B.
Humans and the other animals share a common ancestor.
C.
Humans evolved around the same time as the other animals.
D.
Humans have existed in the same location as the other animals.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 13 of 38
44.
Many plants and animals native to Australia are found nowhere else on
Earth. Which best explains this? A.
The soil of Australia has a high mineral content with plenty of
moisture. B.
Geologic evolution occurred, separating Australia from other land
masses. C.
The climate of Australia is very favorable to many plant and animal
species.
D.
Biological evolution failed to create changes in the plant and animal
species of Australia.
45.
Which is the best hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs at the
end of the Cretaceous period?
A.
The dinosaurs killed each other.
B.
Humans destroyed all the dinosaurs.
C.
Mammals evolved and killed the dinosaurs.
D.
The climate changed and the dinosaurs could not adapt.
46.
What can be inferred from observed similarities in the forelimbs of
humans, dogs and bats?
A.
Bats evolved from humans.
B.
Dogs evolved from humans.
C.
These organisms share a common ancestor.
D.
These organisms are classified as the same species.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 14 of 38
47. Millions of years ago, four aquatic organisms died, and their remains came to rest on the Earth’s surface
beneath the water. Organism
Hard body
parts?
Where did the remains
fall?
1
Yes
intertidal area
2
Yes
deep ocean
3
No
intertidal area
4
No
deep ocean
Which of the organisms could most likely be studied today using fossils?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
48.
Which is most likely to be related to a human based upon similar
anatomical structures?
A.
flea
B.
fish
C.
coyote
D.
grasshopper
49.
What can scientists most likely conclude from fossil records?
A.
Extinction is rare.
B.
Extinction is common.
C.
Extinctions have occured at exact intervals throughout geologic time.
D.
Extinctions have never occurred in plant species, only in animal
species.
50.
Over time, the length of giraffes’ necks changed slightly to allow them to
reach taller trees. How should this change be classified?
A.
mutation
B.
adaptation
C.
acquired trait
D.
genetic constant
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 15 of 38
51.
Which organism’s fossils would be most similar to modern day birds?
A.
amphibians
B.
reptiles
C.
insects
D.
fish
52.
A brown rabbit is easily hunted and killed in an arctic ecosystem. Which
would be expected to appear most often in future generations born in
the same ecosystem?
A.
gray rabbits
B.
white rabbits
C.
brown rabbits
D.
an even mix of gray, white, and brown rabbits
53.
Which term refers to the classification of organisms in an ordered system
that indicates natural relationships?
A.
taxonomy
B.
tectonics
C.
geology
54.
Turtles have adapted to their habitat to protect themselves from their
predators. Which best describes this adaptation?
A.
mimicry
B.
parasitism
C.
protective covering
55.
Which statement is true?
A.
All animals can adapt easily to any change in their environment.
B.
Even identical twins and clones do not have the same DNA sequence.
C.
Organisms who have survival success can choose to pass those genes
on to their offspring.
D.
Individual organisms with certain favorable traits are more likely than
others to survive and have offspring.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 16 of 38
56.
Fossils of land­dwelling mammals found in both Australia and southern
Asia were discovered to have body structures believed to have evolved
from a common ancestor. What does this evidence most likely suggest?
A.
These organisms were capable of swimming from one continent to the
other.
B.
Australia and Asia were once part of a larger continent.
C.
These organisms developed during the same time period.
57.
How does geological evidence support the theory of evolution?
A.
Fossils can be used to determine the exact age of a particular
species.
B.
Fossils record information about the mechanisms ancestral species
used to capture and transform energy.
C.
Fossils preserve DNA, so that comparisons can be made between
modern organisms and ancestral species.
D.
Fossils can be used to show similarities in body structure between
modern organisms and ancestral species.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 17 of 38
58.
Which bird would be best adapted to eat the seeds from very hard
shells? A.
Geospiza magnirostris
B.
Geospiza fortis
C.
Geospiza parvula
D.
Certhidea olivacea
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 18 of 38
59.
The image below shows the variation in beak size and shape for four
Galapagos finch species. Which species of finch would most likely survive if the seeds in the
Galapagos became larger and had heavier coverings?
A.
Geospiza magnirostris
B.
Geospiza fortis
C.
Geospiza parvula
D.
Certhidea olivacea
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 19 of 38
60.
The diagram below shows undisturbed rock layers X, Y, and Z.
A certain species of dinosaur fossils are found only in layer Z. What can
be inferred about the species based on the fossils found only in layer Z?
A.
The dinosaur species moved to a different area of the planet.
B.
The dinosaur species evolved into a new species in a few
generations.
C.
The dinosaur species left behind remains that were broken down
quickly.
D.
The dinosaur species went extinct due to some change in its
environment.
61.
Which evidence best supports the theory that many species of organisms
have become extinct?
A.
Current fossil records reflect only species that exist today.
B.
Radioactive dating of rocks provides evidence of extinct species.
C.
Some fossil records reflect organisms that no longer exist today.
D.
Scientists have uncovered ancient writings that describe organisms no
longer living.
62.
Which would provide evidence of lithospheric plate movement over time?
A.
fossils of tropical plants found near the equator
B.
fossils of tropical fish found in a warm climate area
C.
fossils of tropical plants found in a cold climate area
D.
fossils of tropical fish found at the bottom of an ocean
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 20 of 38
63. This diagram represents a classification of living organisms.
Which word is the best title for this diagram?
A.
Phyla
B.
Classes
C.
Families
D.
Domains
64.
Bird A can blend in with its environment, fly far, and eat a variety of nuts
and seeds. Bird B is an unusually colored, weak flyer that eats only one
type of seed regularly. Which statement is most likely true?
A.
Bird B is a powerful predator.
B.
Bird A will be easily preyed upon by larger birds.
C.
Bird A will eventually thrive and reproduce due to strong genetic
variation.
D.
Bird B will eventually thrive and reproduce because of specialized
features.
65.
Bird wings and insect wings are analogous structures. Which can most
likely be concluded?
A.
Insects evolved from birds.
B.
Birds evolved from insects.
C.
Birds and insects have a close common ancestor.
D.
Birds and insects do not have a close common ancestor.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 21 of 38
66.
If global warming increases, which animal is most likely to be selected
against for survival?
A.
monkey
B.
polar bear
C.
grizzly bear
67.
What advantage do hollow bones and feathers give to birds?
A.
It is easier for them to fly.
B.
It is easier for them to perch.
C.
It is easier for them to lay eggs.
D.
It is easier for them to build nests.
68.
How are fossils compared to one another for biological classification?
A.
by their size
B.
by their estimated life spans
C.
by the geographic locations where they are found
D.
by similarities and differences in their body structures
69. How are organisms classified as Eukarya different from organisms classified as Archaea and Bacteria?
A.
They are all multicellular.
B.
They all reproduce sexually.
C.
They all produce their own food.
D.
They all have membrane­bound nuclei.
70.
Which will most likely prevent a species from becoming extinct?
A.
absence of a predator species
B.
large habitat areas for the species
C.
genetic variability within the species
D.
adequate sources of water for the species
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 22 of 38
71.
How do populations of asexual organisms acquire new genetic traits?
A.
by deleting cells that no longer function
B.
by mating with organisms of other species
C.
by consuming genetic material from other species
D.
by experiencing mutations over several generations
72.
Which is an example of comparative anatomy that supports the theory of
evolution?
A.
A mother killdeer flutters just out of reach of a predator. B.
In Florida, roaches began to ignore a formerly effective poison bait.
C.
In the early stages of the embryo, fish, turtles, chickens, mice, and
humans develop gill slits.
73.
Which will most likely occur when a bird’s beak size increases over time
to better crack open nuts?
A.
Species survival will increase.
B.
Species survival will decrease.
C.
Species reproduction will increase.
D.
Species reproduction will decrease.
74.
Which evidence found in fossils supports that an ice age occurred during
a particular time period?
A.
fern fossils
B.
glacial sediments
C.
high oxygen levels
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 23 of 38
75.
How are sedimentary rocks used to classify fossils that may be
embedded in the rock layers?
A.
The composition of the rocks provides clues as to the size and shape
of the fossils.
B.
Rock samples are sorted by color to determine their relative age, and
likewise the age of the fossils.
C.
Rock layers are arranged in chronological order, with the deeper
layers indicating older, less complex fossils.
D.
The texture of the rocks is used to identify the geographic area where
the animals from which the fossils formed once lived.
76.
Which best describes the relationship between genetic variation and the
ability to adapt to one’s environment?
A.
Genetic variation has no effect on the ability to adapt.
B.
As genetic variation increases, the ability to adapt increases.
C.
As genetic variation decreases, the ability to adapt increases.
D.
As genetic variation increases, the ability to adapt decreases.
77.
Based on the fossil record, which organisms were most likely to have
existed first?
A.
plants
B.
insects
C.
jellyfish
D.
bacteria
78.
Which is the main cause of the variation in traits within a population of
organisms?
A.
genetic mutations
B.
common ancestors
C.
reduction of habitats
D.
environmental conditions
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 24 of 38
79.
Why are fat layers and thick white fur advantageous for polar bears?
A.
They help the bears catch more food.
B.
They help the bears get rid of excess body heat more easily.
C.
They allow the bears to run and swim faster to escape predators.
D.
They insulate the bears and allow them to blend in with their
environment.
80.
Some body structures in a species tend to become smaller and
insignificant over millions of years. Which advantage does this have for
the species?
A.
It allows the species to become less specialized.
B.
It enhances the function of those structures within an organism.
C.
It helps organisms reserve more energy for the function of essential
body parts.
D.
It improves the chance of creating a new species with different body
structures.
81. A student used this table to classify groups of organisms into domains.
Domain Archaea Domain Eubacteria Domain Eukaryota
•
•
•
•
•
•
• protists
• ? • ? Which two groups of organisms can also be classified in the Domain Eukaryota?
A.
thermophiles and cyanobacteria
B.
plants and thermophiles
C.
animals and bacteria
D.
plants and animals
82.
Which best helps scientists explore the relationship between modern
organisms and ancestral species to create a system of biological
classification?
A.
fossils
B.
volcanic ash
C.
DNA evidence
D.
igneous rock layers
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 25 of 38
83.
A certain species of rabbits exists in a forest, and through genetic
variation, furry rabbits and thin­furred rabbits are produced. Which will
most likely happen to the rabbit population over time if global
temperatures drop by 10 degrees over thousands of years?
A.
The furry rabbits will survive and reproduce while the thin­furred
rabbits will die early, resulting in a greater number of furry rabbits in
the population.
B.
The thin­furred rabbits will survive and reproduce while the furry
rabbits will die early, resulting in a greater number of furry rabbits in
the population.
C.
The furry rabbits will survive and reproduce while the thin­furred
rabbits will die early, resulting in a greater number of thin­furred
rabbits in the population.
D.
The thin­furred rabbits will survive and reproduce while the furry
rabbits will die early, resulting in a greater number of thin­furred
rabbits in the population.
84.
A low­level species in a food web suddenly becomes extinct. Of its
predators, which will most likely survive?
A.
the predators that are genetically similar
B.
the predators that feed on many different organisms
C.
the predators that primarily feed on the now­extinct species
85.
It is possible to hypothesize how a particular group of organisms evolved
by arranging fossils in a chronological sequence. Where would the oldest
fossils be found?
A.
the deepest rock layer
B.
the most shallow rock layer
C.
the rock layer with the greatest variety of fossils
D.
the rock layer containing fossils with the most complex structures
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 26 of 38
86.
A pelican is a type of bird that uses a pouched bill to catch fish and other
sea life as a food source. Which most likely shows the type of foot a
pelican has?
A.
B.
C.
D.
87.
Which best describes the similar function of wings in birds and
butterflies?
A.
embryological structures
B.
homologous structures
C.
analogous structures
D.
vestigial structures
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 27 of 38
88.
The diagram below represents the evolutionary history of the horse.
Horse Evolution Over Time
Which best accounts for the changes in the horse?
A.
Through artificial selection, larger horses survived and were chosen to
reproduce offspring.
B.
Through artificial selection, small horses were bred out of the gene
pool, leaving only larger horses.
C.
Through natural selection, favorable adaptations were passed to
offspring, allowing for the evolution of the horse.
D.
Through natural selection, horses acquired traits that produced
changes and then were passed on to their offspring.
89.
Which demonstrates genetic variation resulting in a protective
adaptation?
A.
A butterfly changes colors to look like its poisonous relatives.
B.
A bird in the desert breeds at night to avoid the heat.
C.
A groundhog runs into a burrow to avoid a predator.
D.
A beaver builds a dam to protect its family.
90.
Organisms who are evolutionarily closer are most likely found at which
taxonomic level?
A.
order
B.
family
C.
kingdom
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 28 of 38
91.
A bird in a forest ecosystem has a sharper beak than many other birds.
Which best explains how this adaptation may help the bird survive? A.
It enables the bird to dig for water.
B.
It increases the likelihood for the bird to obtain food.
C.
It increases the likelihood of the bird finding a suitable mate.
D.
It enables the bird to sing louder than birds with shorter beaks.
92.
An arctic hare experiences a genetic variation that keeps its coat from
changing to white for the winter season. Which element in the
environment would pose the greatest threat because of this variation?
A.
pesticides
B.
predators
C.
pollution
D.
prey
93. Organisms can be separated by their most basic characteristics into the broadest groups known as
A.
kingdoms.
B.
domains.
C.
phyla.
D.
orders.
94.
What type of species has the best chance of surviving through significant
environmental change?
A.
genetically­diverse species
B.
genetically­homogenous species
C.
species with highly­specialized traits
95.
Which evidence would best support the extinction of a past species?
A.
the loss of a species’ habitat
B.
the evolution of a new species
C.
the disappearance of a species’ fossils
D.
the increase in predators of the species
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 29 of 38
96.
Which characteristic best indicates an evolutionary relationship between
birds and reptiles?
A.
scales
B.
feathers
C.
warm blood
D.
hard­shelled eggs
97.
Elephants are native to Africa and Asia, but not to India. Which best
explains why elephants are not native to India?
A.
India broke away from Africa 100 years ago.
B.
India broke away from Africa 20 million years ago.
C.
There is not enough land in India for the elephants to roam.
D.
There is not enough rain in India for the elephants to survive.
98. Organisms are classified into three domains:
1. Archaea
2. Bacteria
3. Eukarya
Organisms can reproduce with spores in
A.
1 only.
B.
3 only.
C.
1 and 3.
D.
2 and 3.
99.
Which best explains why species living in Australia are found nowhere
else on Earth?
A.
Australia has an ecosystem different from any other area on Earth.
B.
Humans have genetically altered many Australian species in
laboratories.
C.
Australian species were genetically altered after a comet hit the
landmass.
D.
Australia separated from other continents and species there evolved
independently.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 30 of 38
100.
A gardener applies herbicide in a garden. Which best explains why some
weeds in the garden survive applications of the herbicide while others
die?
A.
The weed species that die have a low degree of genetic variation,
and have adapted to be resistant to the herbicide.
B.
The weed species that survive have a high degree of genetic
variation, and have adapted to be resistant to the herbicide.
C.
The weed species that die have a high degree of genetic variation,
which has prevented them from adapting to the herbicide.
D.
The weed species that survive have a low degree of genetic
variation, which has prevented them from adapting to the herbicide.
101.
Which best describes what would occur in a species that has little or no
genetic variation?
A.
The rate of species survival would increase over time.
B.
The rate of species survival would decrease over time.
C.
Most of the offspring would survive, but the gene pool would be
weakened.
D.
Most of the offspring would survive, and the gene pool would be
strengthened.
102.
Which is true about fossils?
A.
They are remains of organisms that lived on Earth.
B.
They are most often found in igneous rock formations.
C.
They are documentation of evolutionary changes in every organism
that has ever lived on Earth.
D.
They are found all over the southern hemisphere, but in very few
parts of the northern hemisphere.
103.
Which is true about the ability of a species to survive?
A.
A species that is able to migrate will more likely survive.
B.
A species that eats a specific food will more likely survive.
C.
A species with increased genetic diversity will more likely survive.
D.
A species whose individuals have identical traits will more likely
survive.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 31 of 38
104.
The characteristics of fish living deep in the ocean are different from the
characteristics of fish living closer to the surface of the ocean. Which
best describes a genetic variation that enables the fish to adapt to the
deep ocean environment?
A.
larger fins
B.
larger tails
C.
larger eyes
D.
larger scales
105.
How does genetic variation affect an organism’s ability to adapt to its
environment?
A.
increases it
B.
decreases it
C.
has no known effect in most organisms
106.
Some scientists think that all life evolved from a common ancestor.
Which provides evidence that this may be true?
A.
analogous structures of organisms
B.
homologous structures of organisms
C.
extinction of many varieties of plant species
D.
existence of many varieties of bacteria species
107.
Which adaptation has occurred due to genetic variation allowing some
species to seem invisible to predators?
A.
ability to make loud noises
B.
exceptional vision
C.
camouflage
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 32 of 38
108.
How is genetic variation related to an organism’s ability to adapt to its
environment?
A.
When genetic variation is low, the ability to adapt is high.
B.
When genetic variation is high, the ability to adapt is low.
C.
When genetic variation is low, the ability to adapt is low.
D.
Genetic variation is unrelated to the ability to adapt.
109.
Which organisms are most closely related based on comparison of
anatomical structures?
A.
jellyfish and clam
B.
snake and worm
C.
pig and human
D.
bird and bee
110.
Which would most likely cause an entire species to become extinct?
A.
disease
B.
predators
C.
competition for food
D.
limited genetic variation
111. Who was the first person to base a system of classification on organisms having similar structures?
A.
Aristotle
B.
Darwin
C.
Einstein
D.
Linnaeus
112.
Which can cause an organism to develop genetic variation that could be
used to help it survive?
A.
mutations
B.
cloning
C.
cancer
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 33 of 38
113.
Which is true about fossils?
A.
Fossils provide the evidence for the Law of Gravity.
B.
Fossils provide the evidence for the Laws of Motion.
C.
Fossils provide the evidence for the Theory of Evolution.
114. Which of these characteristics best helps scientists classify organisms?
A.
size
B.
color
C.
gender
D.
structure
115.
A new predator has just moved into an area with a population of
rabbits. The rabbits with longer back legs have an advantage because
they can run faster. Which is an example of adaptation?
A.
The species of rabbits will become extinct due to stress.
B.
The rabbits with the shorter back legs will learn to hide.
C.
The future generations of rabbits will have longer legs.
116.
Which best demonstrates analogous structures in animals?
A.
cat fur and dog fur
B.
whale fins and human arms
C.
bird wings and insect wings
D.
gills in fish and lungs in mammals
117.
Which represents an adaptation?
A.
a turtle with a damaged shell
B.
a cat that cannot see in the dark
C.
a bird with a curved wing that allows it to fly faster
D.
a dog that learns to bark when someone knocks on the door
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 34 of 38
118.
Which best explains why Australia has life forms that do not exist
anywhere else on Earth?
A.
Australia was separated from the other landmasses by geological
forces.
B.
Australia’s climate is very different from those of other continents in
the world.
C.
Chemicals in Australian soil caused genetic changes in the DNA of
the plants and animals.
D.
Australia was hit in ancient times by a meteorite, which influenced
the evolution of species.
119.
Archaeologists are working in a previously undisturbed dig site. A fossil
is found at a depth of 5 meters, and a second fossil is found at a depth
of 20 meters. When comparing the two fossils, which conclusion can the
archaeologists most likely make?
A.
The two fossils are from the same species of organism.
B.
The fossil found at 5 meters is older than the fossil found at 20
meters.
C.
The two fossils were from organisms which evolved from the same
ancestral species.
D.
The fossil found at 5 meters is more similar to present­day
organisms than the fossil found at 20 meters.
120.
Which best explains why the wing of a bat and the fin of a whale are
similar?
A.
a mutation in nature that caused them to be similar
B.
a common ancestor between the bat and the whale
C.
a simple coincidence between the bat and the whale
121.
Which is the best example of a trait that is unlikely to evolve in a
desert habitat?
A.
keen sense of hearing
B.
thick layer of fat
C.
tan fur
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 35 of 38
122.
Two organisms have homologous structures. Which can most likely be
concluded about the two organisms?
A.
They are unrelated.
B.
They are the same organism.
C.
They share a common ancestor.
D.
They evolved in a similar environment.
123.
The table shows the major categories of different biological classification systems.
Classification Systems
System #1
System #2
System #3
• Prokaryotic • Archaea
• Organism
• Eukaryotic • Eubacteria • Population
• Eukaryota • Community
• Ecosystem
System #4
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
• Archaebacteria • Eubacteria
Which system groups life forms by Domains?
A.
System #1
B.
System #2
C.
System #3
D.
System #4
124.
Some peacocks are born with a genetic variation that makes them
completely white. How does this affect the likelihood of their survival?
A.
Genetic variation in the white peacock makes it stand out in a crowd
as a target for potential predators, resulting in fewer white
peacocks.
B.
Genetic variation in the white peacock makes it stand out in a crowd
and scares potential predators, resulting in more white peacocks.
C.
Genetic variation in the white peacock makes it more attractive to
mates, which will result in more white peacocks.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 36 of 38
125.
A new predator moves into an area with a population of rabbits. The
rabbits with longer back legs have an advantage because they can run
faster and escape the predator. Which will be the most likely effect on
the rabbit population?
A.
The population will become extinct due to stress.
B.
The rabbit population will produce fewer offspring.
C.
The rabbits with shorter back legs will learn to hide.
D.
The future generations of rabbits will have longer legs.
126.
Cockroaches can adjust to certain chemicals in pesticides and are
thought to be able to survive nuclear war. Which characteristic is most
closely related to their ability to adapt to their environment?
A.
thin wings
B.
long antennae
C.
genetic variation
127.
Which is most likely the result of genetic variation in organisms?
A.
Mothers give birth to identical twins.
B.
A virus wipes out an entire field of crops.
C.
Some bacteria survive when exposed to antibiotics.
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 37 of 38
128.
The forelimbs of two animals are shown below. Which can best be concluded from this information?
A.
The animals share a similar ancestor.
B.
The animals live in the same habitat.
C.
The animals are the same size and shape.
D.
The animals use the same method of movement.
129. Which of these groups contains single­celled organisms?
A.
birds
B.
plants
C.
fungus
D.
animals
EVOLUTION EOG QUESTIONS
Page 38 of 38