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Transcript
University Safety and Assurances www.uwm.edu/usa/ 1 WHAT IS A BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN? 2 Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) such as certain bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, blood tainted vomit, etc.) or tissues. 3 Bloodborne Pathogens • Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease. • Pathogens can enter your body through a puncture wounds, cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth. • Pathogens can also be transmitted sexually 4 Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. Bloodborne Pathogens include, but not limited to: o Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ~ AIDS o Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ~ Hepatitis B o Hepatitis C virus (HCV) ~ Hepatitis C 5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease • Initially no visible signs of having the virus • Most people with HIV develop AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) • There is no vaccination for HIV 6 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Virus lives outside the body only a few hours • 4 modes of transfer: 1. Blood 2. Semen 3. Vaginal secretions 4. Breast milk 7 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV is a fragile virus. It cannot live for very long outside the body. As a result, the virus is not transmitted through day-to-day activities such as shaking hands, hugging, or a casual kiss. • You cannot become infected from: – – – – – – – A toilet seat Drinking fountain Doorknob Dishes Drinking glasses Food, or Pets • You also cannot get HIV from mosquitoes. 8 AIDS: 33 Years Later • 1981: 5 gay men • 2014: 25 million men, women & children have died & 40 million more are now infected 9 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 10-50 virus particles per ml of blood 10 What is Hepatitis • Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is an inflammation caused by the virus. • There are 5 types of viral hepatitis – Hepatitis A – Hepatitis B – Hepatitis C – Hepatitis E – Hepatitis G 11 12 Hepatitis B • Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV • Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several days Schematic of Hepatitis B Virus 13 Hepatitis B • 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood Much easier to be infected with than HIV 14 Hepatitis C • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not related to the viruses that cause HAV and HBV. HCV infection is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States • Over 4 million Americans (2% of population) are infected with Hepatitis C • For every one person infected with HIV there are more than 4 infected with Hepatitis C 15 Hepatitis C • Risk Factors: – Long-term kidney dialysis – Sex with multiple partners – Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or unsterilized equipment – Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle 16 TO PROTECT YOURSELF WHEN YOU HAVE A POTENTIAL FOR EXPOSURE USE UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS 17 Universal Precautions • Treat all human blood and other potentially infectious fluids as if they are infectious • In situations where it is difficult to determine the presence of blood consider that material as potentially infectious 18 Universal Precautions Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials • Disposable Gloves • Face Mask • Protective Eyewear 19 WHEN RENEDERING FIRST AID 20 First Aid Precautions To protect yourself during an injury or accident: • Have someone dial 9-911 for assistance • If at all possible wear clean, leak-proof disposable gloves – Be aware of personal cuts or broken skin before donning gloves – Do not be careless about treating a student’s bleeding injury • If blood is spraying, protect your eyes nose and mouth with goggles and a mask • Keep blood off of you while you control bleeding. – Treat all contact with blood or bodily fluids as if it is pathogenic • Comfort the Victim and wait for trained emergency responders 21 First Aid Precautions If you get blood on you: • Wash it of as soon as possible with soap and water • Immediately flush your eyes with running water at a sink or eyewash station • Again, report the incident to your supervisor 22 23 Use Spill Kit for Clean-up Kit Includes: • • • • Face Mask Gloves Goggles Sharps Disposal Container • Voban • Fluid Control Solidifier • Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads 24 Exposure Incident What to do if you have an exposure to blood and/or other body fluids that might contain Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), or (HIV) virus 25 Following an Exposure • Wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water • Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin with water • Irrigate eyes with clean water or saline • Remove contaminated clothing • Report incident to your supervisor • Immediately seek medical treatment Complete an Accident/Injury report as soon as possible after incident 26 REAL LIFE SITUATIONS – WHAT DO YOU DO? 27 Incident Example #1 Late on a Friday night an “over-served” resident trips in the hallway and cuts her head. She is bleeding profusely. • Do you immediately apply direct pressure to the injury? • Do you know where the first-aid kit is? • What do you say to students who want to pass through the hallway now that there is blood on the floor? 28 Incident Example #1 - Response • Call 9-911 and request emergency assistance • For your own safety, have the student apply direct pressure to her injury until you can get gloves from the first-aid kit • Once you have gloves, you can apply pressure yourself • Let others know there has been an injury and warn them to avoid any spilled blood. Request that someone restrict access to the area. • Report the injury to your supervisor and follow procedures to document the exposure. 29 Incident Example #2 You encounter a blood trail leading from a broken glass in a student’s suite. • What personal protective equipment would you wear? • What steps would you take before cleaning up the spill? • How would you clean up the spill? • What would you do to dispose the clean-up waste? 30 Incident Example #2 - Response • Donne gloves and safety goggles before starting to clean-up spill • Rope of the area to reduce foot traffic and potential contamination of other areas. Contact supervisor if additional assistance is needed. Get the spill kit ready with the proper disinfectant, wipe rags, red biohazard bags, etc. • Cleanup the spill by first soaking up all wet blood spots with towel or rag, then disinfect the area with bleach or commercial solution. Wipe again. • Place all blood soaked materials in red biohazard bags and contact Environmental Affairs to arrange disposal. During use, storage, transport keep the red biohazard bag in a secondary container marked with a red biohazard symbol on all sides and lid. 31 PREVENTION THROUGH VACCINATION • Although there is no vaccination for HIV there is a common, recommended vaccine for Hepatitis B. • Many of you will have already received this vaccine as part of your childhood vaccination series 32 Prevention Through Vaccination • As part of the UWM Bloodborne Pathogens Control plan all individuals with a potential exposure to BBP should receive the HBV Vaccine 33 Prevention Through Vaccination • • • • • • Very low risk vaccine Three doses over 6 months Must receive all three doses >79% effective Free to employees May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver) • May receive vaccine later 34 Protection Level • Protection Level after 1 dose: ~30-50% • Protection level increases to ~75% after 2nd dose • Up to ~96% after 3rd dose • Effectiveness is somewhat lower in older population, those with immunosuppressive illnesses (e.g., HIV, chronic liver diseases, diabetes) individuals who are obese or are smokers 35 If you have any questions about bloodborne pathogens, your potential for exposure or the recommended vaccines please contact: Sharron Daly, UWM Biosafety Officer University Safety and Assurances 229-4275 [email protected] 36 DOCUMENT YOUR TRAINING • Please proceed to the refresher exam to document your training Link to Exam • You will receive a certificate from the Safety office once your exam is received 37