Download BBP Refresher Training

University Safety and Assurances
www.uwm.edu/usa/
1
WHAT IS A
BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN?
2
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogens
are microorganisms
transmitted through blood,
or other potentially
infectious material (OPIM)
such as certain bodily
fluids (semen, breast
milk, blood tainted vomit,
etc.) or tissues.
3
Bloodborne Pathogens
• Bodily fluids, especially
those visibly
contaminated with blood,
are capable of causing
disease.
• Pathogens can enter your
body through a puncture
wounds, cut in the skin,
through your eyes or
mouth.
• Pathogens can also be
transmitted sexually
4
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens are pathogenic
microorganisms that are present in human
blood and can cause disease in humans.
Bloodborne Pathogens include, but not limited
to:
o Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ~ AIDS
o Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ~ Hepatitis B
o Hepatitis C virus (HCV) ~ Hepatitis C
5
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• HIV attacks your body’s
ability to protect itself
against disease
• Initially no visible signs
of having the virus
• Most people with HIV
develop AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency
Syndrome)
• There is no vaccination
for HIV
6
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Virus lives outside the
body only a few hours
• 4 modes of transfer:
1. Blood
2. Semen
3. Vaginal secretions
4. Breast milk
7
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• HIV is a fragile virus. It cannot live for very long outside the body. As
a result, the virus is not transmitted through day-to-day activities such
as shaking hands, hugging, or a casual kiss.
• You cannot become infected from:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
A toilet seat
Drinking fountain
Doorknob
Dishes
Drinking glasses
Food, or
Pets
• You also cannot get HIV from mosquitoes.
8
AIDS:
33 Years Later
• 1981: 5 gay men
• 2014: 25 million
men, women &
children have died
& 40 million more
are now infected
9
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
10-50 virus particles per ml of blood
10
What is Hepatitis
• Hepatitis means
inflammation of the liver.
Viral hepatitis is an
inflammation caused by
the virus.
• There are 5 types of viral
hepatitis
– Hepatitis A
– Hepatitis B
– Hepatitis C
– Hepatitis E
– Hepatitis G
11
12
Hepatitis B
• Up to 100 times
easier to catch
than HIV
• Unlike HIV, can
live outside of
body for several
days
Schematic of Hepatitis B
Virus
13
Hepatitis B
• 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per
ml of blood
Much easier to be infected with than HIV
14
Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is
not related to the viruses
that cause HAV and HBV.
HCV infection is the most
common chronic
bloodborne infection in the
United States
• Over 4 million Americans
(2% of population) are
infected with Hepatitis C
• For every one person
infected with HIV there are
more than 4 infected with
Hepatitis C
15
Hepatitis C
• Risk Factors:
– Long-term kidney dialysis
– Sex with multiple partners
– Tattooing or body
piercing with shared
needles or unsterilized
equipment
– Intranasal cocaine use
with shared straws
Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle 16
TO PROTECT YOURSELF
WHEN YOU HAVE A
POTENTIAL FOR EXPOSURE
USE
UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTIONS
17
Universal Precautions
• Treat all human blood
and other potentially
infectious fluids as if they
are infectious
• In situations where it is
difficult to determine the
presence of blood
consider that material as
potentially infectious
18
Universal Precautions
Wear Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) when
exposed to blood or other
potentially infectious
materials
• Disposable Gloves
• Face Mask
• Protective Eyewear
19
WHEN RENEDERING FIRST
AID
20
First Aid Precautions
To protect yourself during an injury or accident:
• Have someone dial 9-911 for assistance
• If at all possible wear clean, leak-proof disposable
gloves
– Be aware of personal cuts or broken skin before donning
gloves
– Do not be careless about treating a student’s bleeding injury
• If blood is spraying, protect your eyes nose and
mouth with goggles and a mask
• Keep blood off of you while you control bleeding.
– Treat all contact with blood or bodily fluids as if it is
pathogenic
• Comfort the Victim and wait for trained emergency
responders
21
First Aid Precautions
If you get blood on you:
• Wash it of as soon as
possible with soap and water
• Immediately flush your eyes
with running water at a sink
or eyewash station
• Again, report the incident to
your supervisor
22
23
Use Spill Kit for Clean-up
Kit Includes:
•
•
•
•
Face Mask
Gloves
Goggles
Sharps Disposal
Container
• Voban
• Fluid Control Solidifier
• Personal Safety
Equipment Cleaning
Pads
24
Exposure Incident
What to do if you have an
exposure to blood and/or
other body fluids that
might contain Hepatitis B
virus (HBV), Hepatitis C
virus (HCV), or (HIV) virus
25
Following an Exposure
• Wash needle sticks and cuts with
soap and water
• Flush splashes to the nose,
mouth, or skin with water
• Irrigate eyes with clean water or
saline
• Remove contaminated clothing
• Report incident to your supervisor
• Immediately seek medical
treatment
Complete an Accident/Injury
report as soon as possible after
incident
26
REAL LIFE SITUATIONS –
WHAT DO YOU DO?
27
Incident Example #1
Late on a Friday night an “over-served”
resident trips in the hallway and cuts her
head. She is bleeding profusely.
• Do you immediately apply direct pressure to
the injury?
• Do you know where the first-aid kit is?
• What do you say to students who want to
pass through the hallway now that there is
blood on the floor?
28
Incident Example #1 - Response
• Call 9-911 and request emergency assistance
• For your own safety, have the student apply
direct pressure to her injury until you can get
gloves from the first-aid kit
• Once you have gloves, you can apply pressure
yourself
• Let others know there has been an injury and
warn them to avoid any spilled blood. Request
that someone restrict access to the area.
• Report the injury to your supervisor and follow
procedures to document the exposure.
29
Incident Example #2
You encounter a blood trail leading from a
broken glass in a student’s suite.
• What personal protective equipment would
you wear?
• What steps would you take before cleaning
up the spill?
• How would you clean up the spill?
• What would you do to dispose the clean-up
waste?
30
Incident Example #2 - Response
• Donne gloves and safety goggles before starting to clean-up
spill
• Rope of the area to reduce foot traffic and potential
contamination of other areas. Contact supervisor if
additional assistance is needed. Get the spill kit ready with
the proper disinfectant, wipe rags, red biohazard bags, etc.
• Cleanup the spill by first soaking up all wet blood spots with
towel or rag, then disinfect the area with bleach or
commercial solution. Wipe again.
• Place all blood soaked materials in red biohazard bags and
contact Environmental Affairs to arrange disposal. During
use, storage, transport keep the red biohazard bag in a
secondary container marked with a red biohazard symbol on
all sides and lid.
31
PREVENTION THROUGH
VACCINATION
• Although there is no vaccination for HIV
there is a common, recommended
vaccine for Hepatitis B.
• Many of you will have already received
this vaccine as part of your childhood
vaccination series
32
Prevention Through Vaccination
• As part of the UWM
Bloodborne Pathogens
Control plan all individuals
with a potential exposure
to BBP should receive the
HBV Vaccine
33
Prevention Through Vaccination
•
•
•
•
•
•
Very low risk vaccine
Three doses over 6 months
Must receive all three doses
>79% effective
Free to employees
May decline vaccine (but
must sign waiver)
• May receive vaccine later
34
Protection Level
• Protection Level after 1
dose: ~30-50%
• Protection level increases
to ~75% after 2nd dose
• Up to ~96% after 3rd dose
• Effectiveness is somewhat lower in
older population, those with
immunosuppressive illnesses (e.g.,
HIV, chronic liver diseases,
diabetes) individuals who are
obese or are smokers
35
If you have any
questions about
bloodborne
pathogens, your
potential for exposure
or the recommended
vaccines please
contact:
Sharron Daly, UWM Biosafety Officer
University Safety and Assurances
229-4275
[email protected]
36
DOCUMENT YOUR TRAINING
• Please proceed to the
refresher exam to
document your
training
Link to Exam
• You will receive a
certificate from the
Safety office once
your exam is received
37