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Study Guide Genetics DOK 5
Name:
Key
Block: ___________
Define the following terms:
1. Chromosome-organized structures of DNA that stay inside the nucleus
2. DNA-Deoxyribonucleic Acid-the molecule that contains the code for traits
3. Gene-sections of chromosomes that code for specific traits
4. Environmental Trait-characteristics influenced by where and how an organism lives
5. Inherited Trait-characteristics that are genetically passed from parent to offspring
6. Alleles-options or choices for specific genes
7. Probability-the likelihood, or chance, of an event happening
Answer the following questions:
8. What important contribution did Gregor Mendel make to our body of knowledge about
genetics?
Studied pea plants and discovered dominant and recessive traits
9. What important contribution did Rosalind Franklin make to our body of knowledge about
genetics?
Took a famous photo (Photo 51) of DNA and discovered that DNA has a spiral shape
10. What important contribution did James Watson and Francis Crick make to our body of
knowledge about genetics?
Discovered that DNA is a double helix
11. What is the shape of DNA? Spiral, twisted ladder
12. What is the structure of DNA? Draw and describe. Double helix
The structure of DNA is two phosphate sugar chains held together by nitrogen bases
13. What makes up the backbone of DNA? (known as the side poles of the ladder)
Sugar and phosphates
14. What makes up the inside of the DNA molecule? (steps or rungs of the ladder)
Nitrogen bases
15. How do the bases pair together?
AT, and CG
Study Guide Genetics DOK 5
16. Complete the complementary strand for the strand of DNA given.
A
T
T
A
C
G
A
T
G
C
C
G
C
G
T
A
T
A
A
T
G
C
17. Explain the difference between inherited and environmental traits.
Inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring and are a part of an organism’s genetic
makeup. Environmental traits are a result of an organism’s environment.
18. Give two examples of inherited traits.
Skin color, height, tongue rolling, and long second toe
19. Give two examples of environmental traits.
Favorite music, dyeing hair, choice of clothing style, language spoken
20. Why do identical twins have the same DNA and not the same personality?
Personality is not a result of DNA (inherited traits), but environmental ones instead.
Study Guide Genetics DOK 5
Short answer Questions – you may continue your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Use a DNA strand to DRAW and EXPLAIN how a strand of DNA would replicate.
Why is it important for DNA to be able to make an exact copy (how does that
ability help an organism live?)?
DNA must be able to make an exact copy of itself to pass on the stored/coded
information to the next generation.
For the process of how it happens, remember:
A. Untwist, B. Unzip, C. New Nucleotides come in and use the pattern as a template
to make an exact copy with: D. one old strand and one new strand.
Full answer:
2. Give 2 examples of environmental traits. Explain why they are considered to be
environmental traits. Give 2 examples of inherited traits. Explain why they are
considered to be inherited traits.
Study Guide Genetics DOK 5
Answers will vary, but should include that inherited traits are passed down IN THE DNA,
and environmental/acquired traits may be learned, and/or will be influenced by
surroundings.
3. Scientific history is full of DRAMA. Pick one of our four scientists from this unit
and share their dramatic story.
Answers will vary, but a discussion of Mendel should include Fisher’s analysis of
Mendel’s work and how his data was “too perfect.” Why is that ok and why is that not
ok? What would a trained scientist do if he/she had issues with his/her experimental
data?
A discussion of Franklin/Watson and Crick should include how they looked at her data
without explicit permission and how they received credit and she did not and passed
away due to cancer she probably got from her research with X-rays.
Study Guide Genetics DOK 5
4. Draw and label a DNA strand. Be detailed and include ALL parts in the proper
places and include at least 8 bases per strand.
P = phosphates, S = sugar (deoxyribose), A = adenine, T = thymine, G = guanine, and C =
cytosine. Your strand should have 8 bases.