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Ge16301 Final Exam—August 1, 2013 Page 1 of 5 Environmental Issues/Resources Name_______________________________ Eagle #/ SS # _______________________ Instructions: Answer the PART I AND IV questions in the BLUE BOOKS! Answer PARTS II AND III on these sheets. The value of each question is stated in the bracket at the end of the question. Be sure your answers are complete and concise. Include carefully constructed diagrams where appropriate. A diagram by itself will not get you complete credit for an answer. Please be sure to answer the question(s) that is(are) asked. Enjoy the rest of the summer! PART I. Definitions In a sentence or two, completely and concisely identify the following ten (10) terms. [2 points each] (do in BLUE BOOK) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. shield volcano cinder cone tombolo stratovolcano seawall 6. P-waves 7. intrusive igneous rock 8. focus 9. spit 10. S-waves Ge16301 Final Exam—August 1, 2013 Page 2 of 5 PART II. Multiple Choice: Place letter of correct choice on line on left. [2 points each] ( DO HERE) ____ 11. Volcanoes formed by hot spots in intraplate settings are of usually this composition: A. basalt B. andesite C. rhyolite D. dacite ____ 12. A. B. C. D. The relatively low density, light-colored rock that makes up continental crust: granite andesite rhyolite basalt A. B. C. D. The fastest moving Seismic Body Waves are: P waves S waves Love waves Intensity waves A. B. C. D. Where is the youngest crust on Earth? at subduction zones at oceanic intraplate locations within continental plates, i.e., on the continents at sea-floor spreading centers/ridges ____ 13. ____ 14. ____ 15. Is permeability a property of an Earth Material or a property of a fluid such as water? A. a property of water or another liquid B. a property of the Earth Material, like sand or mudstone ____ 16. He coined the name continental drift? A. Harry Hess B. Alfred Wegener C. Fred Vine D. Drummand Mathews ____ 17. A. B. C. D. He/they came up with the idea of hot spots and transform faults Vine and Matthews Alexander du Toit J. Tuzo Wilson Alfred Wegener A. B. C. D. The composition of volcanoes produced by subduction zone processes is: rhyolite andesite basalt peridotite ____ 18. ___ 19. The physical state of rocks within the asthenosphere is closest to? A. a buttermilk pancake B putty C. any rock at the surface D. water ____ 20. A. B C. D. A geomorphic landform where an island is attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land is called a: spit tombolo enchanted village beach Ge16301 Final Exam—August 1, 2013 Page 3 of 5 ____ 21. A. B C. D. The name of the location in the Earth where the earthquake waves start is called epicenter equipoint starting point focus A. B C. D. The name of the theory that explains how earthquakes form is rigid displacement theory elastic rebound theory plastic rebound theory displacement theory A. B C. D. The name for the sum of all geologic forces acting on a volume of rock is stress strain momentum gravity A. B C. D. The name for the amount the rock deforms before an earthquake occurs stress strain gravity viscosity A. B C. D. Rocks in this region of the Earth flow plastically lithosphere asthenosphere gigantosphere mantle A. B C. D. Rocks in this region of the Earth deform by brittle fracture lithosphere asthenosphere mantle low-velocity zone A. B C. D. To locate where an earthquake occurred on Earth you need to use at least this number of seismic stations 2 3 4 6 A. B C. D. The three types of plate boundaries are divergent, resurgent, transform divergent, redundant, transform divergent, convergent, resurgent divergent, convergent, transform A. B C. D. The deepest earthquakes on Earth are found here mid-ocean ridges subduction zones transform faults Ken’s basement A. B C. D. The rock type most common where you have effusive volcanism is granite rhyolite basalt andesite ____ 22. ____ 23. ____ 24. ____ 25. ____ 26. ____ 27. ____ 28. ____ 29. ____ 30. Ge16301 Final Exam—August 1, 2013 Page 4 of 5 PART III. Matching Place letter of correct choice on line on left. [1 point each (DO HERE) 31. ___ andesite A. height above sea level 32. ___ basalt B. specialized type of strike-slip fault 33. ___ sea wall C. volcanic igneous rock with 60% silica 34. ___ tephra D. extrusive equivalent of granite 35. ___rhyolite E. bedrock of the oceanic crust 36. ___ epicenter F. excessive deposition (sand deposition) 37. ___ groin G. structure built parallel to shore to reduce wave energy 38. ___ tsunami H. volcanic igneous rock with 60% silica 39. ____ This happens on ocean side of a seawall I. accounts for most material that a river carries 40. ___ geothermal gradient J. a rock or sediment body that contains fluid that can be removed K. structure built perpendicular to shoreline to interrupt transport and to trap sand on upcurrent side L. name for materials blown from a volcano M. point of origination in the Earth of an earthquake N. excessive erosion O. water below the potentiometric surface P. rate at which Earth’s temperature increases with depth R. A very large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption S. rate at which pressure increases going into the Earth T. Place on the surface of Earth directly above where an earthquake initiates Ge16301 Final Exam—August 1, 2013 Page 5 of 5 PART IV. Essay Questions (DO IN BLUE BOOK) Answer the following questions. Each answer is worth 15 points. 41. Describe the configuration of a beach and approaching waves to produce a longshore current. What is the difference between longshore current and longshore drift and where exactly do these processes occur? 42. Explain how a single magma chamber (batholith, pluton) can produce several different types of igneous rock. Why is this important to us? Be sure to mention and explain (a figure may help) partial melting and fractional crystallization as you answer the question.