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DO NOW • Let’s pick study groups! • Groups of 2 to 3 • These people will check in on you and make sure you are studying • You can also reach out to these people with questions • Exchange Numbers! SPS1 Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom. • A. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of – – – – proton, electron, and neutron locations. atomic mass and atomic number. atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes). explain the relationship of the proton number to the element’s identity. • B. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds in terms of electron movement. Structure of the Atom • Atoms have 3 sub-particles – Proton, Neutron, Electron Charge Location Mass Proton Positive Nucleus 1 AMU Neutron Neutral Nucleus 1 AMU Electron Negative Electron Cloud 0 AMU Mass Number/Atomic Mass • The mass number is the protons + the neutrons (since they’re the only particles that have mass in the atom!) What is the mass of silver? Atomic Number • The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom • The atomic number tells us WHO the atom is. The atomic number (and therefore the protons) NEVER change! (if they did it would be a different element!) What is the atomic # of silver? Bohr Model • Draw the Bohr Model for Lithium Isotopes • Isotopes: – Atoms of the same element can have a different number of neutrons and therefore a different atomic mass Isotopic Form Carbon—12 Atomic Mass Atomic Mass Atomic Number 𝟏𝟐 𝟔𝑪 Lewis Structures 1) Write the element symbol. 2) Carbon has 4 valence electrons. 3) Starting at the right, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counter-clockwise around the element symbol. Lewis Dot Structure Ex. • Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Bromine Ions • An atom that has lost or gained electrons • The atom has either a positive charge or a negative charge • Different number of protons then electrons Atomic Charge • To find the total charge of an atom, add the number of protons (+) to the number of electrons (-) • Anion: An ion that has gained electrons and has a negative charge • Cation: An ion that has lost electrons and has a positive charge Just in case you’re still confused…. • Negative: More electrons; Gaining! • Positive: Less electrons; giving away! (or losing) BONDING • Octet Rule – Atoms will always gain or lose electrons in order to get a complete set of valence electrons (usually 8) – *Exceptions: Helium and Hydrogen! How many electrons does Carbon need to gain? BONDING based on balance of charges • Metals want to LOSE electrons (and become more positive) • Non-metals want to GAIN electrons (and become more negative) Name an element that hydrogen wants to bond with Ionic Bonds • Metal and a non metal • Transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal Covalent Bonds • Two non-metals • Electrons are shared Flashcard VOCAB Words! • • • • • • • • Proton Neutron Electron Nucleus Electron Cloud Mass #/Atomic Mass Atomic # Isotope • • • • • • • • Bohr Model Lewis Dot Structure Ion Anion Cation Octet Rule Ionic Bond Covalent Bond SPS2. Students will explore the nature of matter, its classifications, and its system for naming types of matter. • A. Calculate density when given a means to determine a substance’s mass and volume. • B. Predict formulas for stable binary ionic compounds based on balance of charges. • C. Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names and chemical formulas • D. Demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter in a chemical reaction. • E. Apply the Law of Conservation of Matter by balancing the following types of chemical equations: Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement Density • Mass per unit volume of a material (how much stuff is packed into a certain space) • Measured in g/mL (liquids) OR g/cm3(solids) Practice Problems – A rock has a mass of 5 grams. When placed in a graduated cylinder filled to 10mL, the water rises to 12 mL. What is the density of the rock? – A platinum bar measures 5.0 cm long, 4.0 cm wide, and 1.5 cm thick. It has a mass of 700.0 grams. What is the density of the platinum bar? Naming Ionic Bonds Name to formula • Criss-cross apple sauce! • Figure out the charge on your first element. Then figure out the charge on your second element • Cross the charges and you’re done! Practice • What is the formula for Lithium Oxide? Naming Ionic Bonds Formula to name • Name the metal normally • Add the –ide ending to the non metal Practice • What is the name of NaCl? Naming Covalent Bonds Formula to name • Greek prefixes – – – – – – – – – – Mono (1) Di (2) Tri (3) Tetra (4) Penta (5) Hexa (6) Hepta (7) Octa (8) Nona (9) Deca(10) **Never use “mono” on the first element **Still add the “-ide” ending to the second element Naming Covalent Bonds Formula to name Examples: CO2 = Carbon Dioxide CO = Carbon Monoxide C10O4 = Decacarbon Tetraoxide Naming Covalent Bonds Name to formula • Use the prefixes to tell you how many of each element you have Practice • What is the formula for Octahyrdogen Trifloruide? Balancing Chemical Equations • Why do we balance? –Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Therefore we must have equal numbers of elements on each side of our reaction! Rules of Balancing • • • • Make a “T” chart at the yield sign Count how many of each element you have Use coefficients to balance equation NEVER EVER EVER change a subscript Example of balancing ______NaCl + ______F2 _____ NaF + ______Cl2 Four Types of Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis Equation A+B AB Decomposition AB A+B Single Replacement AB + C AC + B Double Replacement AB + CD AC + BD Flashcard VOCAB Words! • • • • • • Density Law of Conservation of Matter Synthesis Reaction Decomposition Reaction Single Replacement Reaction Double Replacement Reaction