Download File - Cumberland Gap Health Science

Consists of the right and left lungs the nose,
mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and
alveoli
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The respiratory system is responsible for
taking in oxygen and removing carbon
dioxide which is necessary for proper body
function and life
Lungs – right and left----left has two lobes –
right has three lobes
Process of respiration is controlled in the
brain by the medulla oblongata.
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Has two openings called nostrils which air
enters thru
The nasal septum is a wall of cartridge that
divides the nose into hollow spaces called
nasal cavities
Nasal cavities are lined with mucous
membranes that are rich in blood vessels
Air is warmed and filtered as it enters the
nasal cavities
Cilia – small hair like structures that filter and
trap dust and other particles
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Cavities in the skull that provide resonance
in the voice
Can become inflamed and infected resulting
in sinusitis
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Also known as the throat and lies behind the
nasal cavities
Divided into three sections:
Nasopharynx – upper portion located behind
the nasal cavities and houses the adenoids
and pharyngeal tonsils
Oropharynx – located behind the oral cavity (
mouth)
Laryngopharynx – bottom section that
branches off into the esophagus and trachea
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Voice box
Has nine layers of cartilage with the largest
thyroid layer of cartilage being the Adam’s
Apple
The epiglottis is a small flap that closes over
the trachea when food is swallowed to
prevent choking.
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Known as the windpipe
Carries air between the pharynx and bronchi
Bronchi are the right and left branches that
come off of the trachea into the lungs and
become smaller branches called bronchioles
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Apx 500 million little grape like clusters of air
sacs that are located on the ends of the
bronchioles
This is where the gas exchange takes place
in the lungs
Capillaries – bring carbon dioxide from the
body and carry oxygen back to cells
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Membrane that encloses the lungs
Can become inflamed and cause lots of pain
..this is called pleurisy
The diaphragm is a big muscle located under
the lungs and the intercostal muscles located
between the ribs are the main muscles used
in respiration
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Process of breathing and involves two phases:
Inspiration and expiration
Inspiration –inhaling air into the lungs -diaphragm contract
Expiration –exhaling air out of the lungs--diaphragm relaxes
One inspiration and one expiration = one
respiration
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Respiratory disorder caused by sensitivity to
allergens or can be caused by stress,
overexertion and infection
Usually results in difficulty breathing
( dyspnea) , wheezing, coughing and
tightness in the chest
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Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial
tubes used caused by an infection
Symptoms are cough, dyspnea, rales and
fever
Non infectious respiratory illness that occurs
when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and
lose their elasticity. This causes air to be
trapped in the lungs resulting in a feeling of
suffocation, dyspnea, barrel chest, pain
cyanosis, prolonged expirations.
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Nosebleed
Compress nostrils, apply cold compress and
tilt head slightly forward
Never tilt head back!!!
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Flu
Symptoms include fever, chill, sore throat,
muscle aches, runny inflamed nose (rhinitis),
and fatigue
No cure….just treat the symptoms
Prevention
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Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords
usually caused by an infection
Symptoms : sore throat , loss of voice,
difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
treatment: rest, no talking, meds
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Measurable decrease in oxygen as a result of
periods of not breathing when sleeping.
Very serious can lead to heart and respiratory
problems if not corrected.
Can be caused by obesity, smoking, high
blood pressure, alcoholism, and sedatives
CPAP – machine that forces air into the lungs
and keeps the airway open.
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Inflammation of the mucous membranes
resulting in a runny nose, which may be
accompanied by a sore throat, sneezing
nasal congestion and watery eyes.
Treatment: treat symptoms
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Infectious respiratory illness that causes
fatigue, fever, night sweats weight loss
hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Health care workers have to be tested yearly
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Upper Respiratory Infection
Highly contagious inflammation of the
respiratory membranes which causes fever,
runny nose, watery eyes congestion in chest
and sinuses, sore throat, and hacking cough
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Inflammation or infection of the lungs
characterized by mucous, fever, cough.
Caused by a bacteria
Tx with antibiotics
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Many other respiratory conditions can turn
into COPD. Broad term
Chronic cough, mucous and difficulty
breathing
Treatment includes: cough meds,
bronchodilators, mucolytics