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Name __________________________________ Date ______________________ Section _________ Chapter 1 Living Systems: Organisms MCAS Review Notes Sheet Living Things and Their Characteristics Living Things Carry Out Life Processes Organisms are ________________________________. They carry out certain life processes. They are: Process Function The Cell Cells are basic units that make up all __________________________. The nucleus ________________ _______________________. The cytoplasm is __________________________________. And the cell membrane ______________________________. Cells and Life Processes If something is unicellular it is ________________________________, like an amoeba. If something is multicellular, then it is ________________________________, like a human. Plant cells are different form animal cells because they: 1) ________________________________________________________________ 2) ________________________________________________________________ 3) ________________________________________________________________ Only animal cells have centrioles, which _________________________________________________. There are many structures inside cells. They include: Structure Function Organisms and Their Environment Living things are constantly __________________________________, which is called the environment. For example, animals obtain __________________________________________ from the environment, while they release _____________________________________. Thus, there is a continual exchange of _______________________________________________. Nutrition Every organism needs __________________________________. Nutrients provide _______________ _____________________. The process of nutrition includes __________________________________. Digestions is ________________________________________________________________________. Absorption is ________________________________________________________________________. Elimination is _______________________________________________________________________. Nutrition in Plants Plants are producers because they ____________________________________ through a process called _____________________________. In this process they convert _______________________________ using energy from the __________ to make ___________________________________. Photosynthesis happens in __________________________ which are found in _________________________. This also makes the plants _________________. Nutrition in Animals Animals obtain nutrients by _____________________________________. The original source of all energy is ________________. To maintain _______________________, or balance, an animal must ___________________________________ otherwise they could lose or gain weight, or get a disease. Transport Water is also a very important nutrient. It is necessary for ____________________________________. For example blood ___________________________________________. Green plants also need water _________________________. Life is ________________________________ without water. Respiration Respiration is a process in which ________________________________________________________. It is almost the opposite of ___________________________. The formula for photosynthesis: _________________________________________________________. The formula for respiration: ____________________________________________________________. Excretion Excretion is the process of ___________________________________________. In humans, waste materials are ___________________________________. After being filtered, they are removed from our bodies by ________________________________________________________________________. Regulation Regulation is the process that _________________________________. Homeostasis is the process that ____________________________________________________________. A organism must control its internal environment so that a proper balance of ______________________ ______________________________________. Two examples of regulation are: __________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. Reproduction Reproduction is the process by which ____________________________________________________. A species is _____________________________________________. The two types of reproduction are _________________________________. Asexual reproduction involves just ____________________. Three types of asexual reproduction are: __________________________________________________. Sexual reproduction __________________________________________________________________. Fertilization is _______________________________________________________________________. Growth Growth is ______________________________________. Metamorphosis is _____________________ _____________________ such as ______________________________________. A life cycle refers to ___________________________________________________. Microorganisms… A microorganism is ___________________________________________________________________. A germ is _____________________________________. __________________ need a host to occupy. Many microorganisms are ____________________, like bacteria that ___________________________. Some other examples are ______________________________________________________________.