Download 12. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases
and Chemical Reactions
What is an acid or a base?
https://www.brainpop.com/science/mat
terandchemistry/acidsandbases/
(login is FERK660 password: dekalb)
Naming Acids Review
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5
nC2evhUa0
-ide Acids (also called binary
acids)
Contains HYDROGEN and an anion that
ends in -ide
HF
H2S
HCN
Naming Rules
Write HYDRO
Add the ROOT OF THE NAME of the
element.
Add -IC to the end.
Write the word ACID.
What are the weird ones?
C, P, and S
Hydrocarbonic Acid
Hydrophosphoric Acid
Hydrosulfuric Acid
HF
Hydronitric acid
Polyatomic Acids
Contains Hydrogen and a Polyatomic
Ion.
HC2H3O2
Naming Rules
Identify the POLYATOMIC ion present.
Change –ate to –IC.
Change –ite to –OUS.
Write the word ACID.
Use your chart on the back of your
periodic table!! The PAI’s will be given
to you, except the 12 we had to
memorize!
What are the weird ones?
P and S
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfurous Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphorous Acid
Examples
HC2H3O2
Carbonic Acid
A way to remember them
maybe?
I ate the acid. It was ic.
Don’t bite ous.
Neither of these has hydro.
How are bases named?
Just like we have always named
compounds.
Bases usually have OH-, CO3-2, or HCO3-
What is an important base to just
know?
Ammonia, NH3
What are some properties of
acids?
Taste sour (not in the lab though…)
Conduct electricity
Turns litmus red
All begin with H+
pH less than 7
What is this litmus stuff?
It is a paper coated with a lichen used
to indicate acids or bases.
What are some real life acids?
Carbonic and Phosphoric acid- soda
Lactic acid- yogurt
Citric Acid- orange
What are some properties of
bases?
Taste bitter
Feel slippery
Turn litmus paper blue
Conduct electricity
pH more than 7
What are some real life bases?
Bleach
Ammonia
Soap
Antacid
To review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q
N7NyVEyKw
What is an indicator?
Something that changes color to tell
you if you have an acid or a base.
Hydrangeas…a natural
indicator
Change from pink to blue in different
pH soils.
Indicators…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vr
OUdoS2BtQ
We will use this in a lab when I return
next week
How do acids react with
metals?
Most react very well.
What is produced?
H2 gas and a compound from a single
replacement reaction.
How do acids react with carbonates
or bicarbonate?
Very well.
What is produced?
A compound, CO2, and H2O
(Remember) As a product, the H2CO3
breaks down into CO2 and H2O
automatically.
bubbles!
CLR Commercial
What happens when you put
an acid and a base together?
They neutralize
What does neutralize mean?
It is no longer acidic or basic.
Your pH is 7
What do they make?
A salt and water.
What is a salt?
An ionic compound that was the result
of an acid/base neutralization reaction.
What is a hydrogen ion?
H+
Just a proton
It is only a proton because Hydrogen
has 1 proton and 1 electron.
The + charge means you lost an
electron.
All that is left is a proton in the nucleus.
What is hydroxide?
OH-
What do they do?
Help to determine if something is acidic
or basic.
What is a neutral solution?
One that has even amounts of H+ and
OH-
What is dissociation?
When ionic compounds break apart into
their ions in a solution.
Ex- NaCl in water breaks apart in to Na+
and Cl- ions or K3PO4 breaks apart into
K+ and PO4-3
(We will use this in a bit)
Who was Arrhenius?
A Swedish scientist that worked with
acids and bases.
How did Arrhenius define an
acid?
Something that contains H+
(will be written first)
How did he define a base?
Something that contains OHWritten second, its an anion.
How would Arrhenius define
the following?
HCl
NaOH
Ca(OH)2
H2SO4
HClO3
NH3
Oops… What happened?
Arrhenius is wrong.
Ammonia is a strong base, but
according to his theory, it would be
neither.
What is pH?
It is the negative logarithm of the
hydrogen ion concentration.
What?
A French guy decided we needed a
scale. It just means hydrogen power.
(pouvoir hydrogene)
What is the pH scale?
A way of determining acids or bases
numerically.
What is the range for a base?
>7
What is the range for an acid?
<7
What is the pH of a neutral
solution?
7
What is pOH?
The negative logarithm of the OHconcentration.
What do pH + pOH equal?
14
How do you solve for pH or
pOH?
-log [H+]
-log [OH-]
Calculating pH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiK
37I159fc
Stop at 4:15
For sigfigs with subtracting, the 14 has
an infinite number of decimals, so use
the amount of decimals in the other
number.
Example:
Find the pH and the pOH for the
following:
0.0125M HCl
0.250M NaOH
What is the next acid/base
guy?
Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases
What did they say?
They tried to fix the definition of acids
and bases.
In a solution, the H+ travels to either
accept or donate.
What is a B-L acid?
Something that donates H+ ions
What is a B-L base?
A H+ acceptor.
How does this make NH3 a
base?
It can accept H+ so it is now a base.
What is a conjugate acid?
It is what is produced when a base
accepts H+.
Conjugates are
PRODUCTS!!
What is a conjugate base?
It is what is produced when an acid
donates H+
Conjugates are
PRODUCTS!!
What?
Bases make conjugate acids
Acids make conjugate bases
Example:
HNO3 + H2O  H3O+ + NO3-
Bronsted Lowry Acid Base
Pairs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q
BRIWSA3Yc
Examples
H2O + NH4+  NH3 + H3O+
HCOOH + CN-  HCOO- + HCN
NH4+ + CO3-2  HCO3- + NH3
H2PO4- + OH-  HPO4-2 + H2O
What is a polyprotic acid?
An acid that contains more than one H
What kinds are there?
Monoprotic 1 H
Diprotic 2 H
Triprotic 3 H
What does this mean for
acids?
It can under go multiple reactions to
get rid of 1 H+ at a time.
Examples:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ
AJrrivv9s
What is an example?
A is just a random anion with a -3
charge
H3A 
What is special about water??
It can act as either an acid or base
What is that called?
Amphoteric
O Mg