Download Lymphatic System

Lymphatic System
By: Joshua Paolillo, Gianna Fusco, Shayna Deluca,
Mehdi Azizi
What is the Lymphatic System?
❖ A network of organs, lymph nodes, lymph
ducts, and lymph vessels that make and
move lymph from tissues to the
bloodstream.
❖ The Lymphatic System is not a closed circuit
❖
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/functions-of-the-lymphatic-system.html#lesson
Function
❖ Drain and return interstitial fluid to the
blood
❖ Absorb and return lipids from the
digestive system to the blood
❖ Filter fluid of pathogens, damaged
cells, cellular debris, and cancerous
cells
Lymphatic vs Immune
Lymphatic
Immune
Function
fluid recovery, immunity,
and lipid absorption
provide long term immunity and defend
against foreign substances by activating
immune responses.
Organs
Organ system
Composition
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and
other related organs
made up of basically B and T
lymphocytes
Associations
cardiovascular system
nervous and endocrine systems
-----
Immune cells in the lymphatic system
❖ B cells- Cells produced in bone marrow that are
circulated through the lymphatic system and develop
into either a plasma cell or memory cell.
❖ T cells- Cells that either initiate an immune response (T
helper) or that kill bacteria, virus infected cells, and
cancer cells ( Cytotoxic Lymphocytes).
❖ Macrophages- immune cells that engulf foreign
invaders.
Lymphatic and Circulatory system
❖ work together to provide the body with lymph.
➢ produced in the lymphatic system and initially carried by lymphatic
vessels, where it is moved via vessel contractions.
➢ From the lymphatic vessels, lymph goes into the lymphatic ducts.
➢ After moving through these areas, it empties into the circulatory
system’s subclavian veins.
❖ Blood plays a major role in creating lymph. Blood
plasma becomes a substance known as interstitial fluid
when it comes into contact with body tissues. Some of
this fluid enters lymphatic vessels, where it is then
transformed into lymph.
About 10% of the plasma leaves the bloodstream in capillaries and enters the lymph vessels, which run one-way back
toward the right atrium of the heart. A few proteins also are returned to blood through lymph. Lymphatic vessels, like
small veins, have valves that keep the lymph flowing in the right direction.
Organs of the lymphatic System
❖ Spleen
❖ Thymus
❖ Tonsils
❖ Adenoids
Spleen
❖ Largest organ of the lymphatic
system
❖ Fxn: filter blood of damages cells,
cellular debris, and pathogens.
➢ houses and aids in the maturation
of lymphocytes
❖ Contains efferent (conducting
outward from a part or organ)
lymphatic vessels, which transport
lymph away from the spleen and
Thymus
❖ The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of
T-lymphocytes or T cells.
➢ T cells defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens
such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
➢ Fxn: to receive immature T cells that are produced in the red
bone marrow and train them into functional, mature T cells
that attack only foreign cells.
Tonsils
Arrays of lymphatic tissue
located in the upper throat
region
❖ Fxn: house lymphocytes
and other white blood cells
called macrophages
❖
➢ Protect the digestive tract and
lungs from disease causing
agents that enter the mouth or
nose
Adenoids
❖ Mass of soft tissue behind the
nasal cavity
❖ Fxn: contain glands that
secrete mucus to replenish the
surface film.
➢ Moving film of mucus
carries infectious agents
and particles inhaled
through the nose down to
the pharynx
Lymph
❖ a colorless fluid containing white blood cells
(lymphocytes), that bathes the tissues and
drains through the lymphatic system into the
bloodstream.
➢
➢
circulates through body tissues picking up fats,
bacteria, and other unwanted materials, and filtering
them out through the lymphatic system
http://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system/lymphatics/v/lymphatic-systemimmunity
Lymph Nodes
❖ Small bean shaped
structures that look like
tiny bulbs and lie along the
lymph vessels
➢ work as filters for harmful
substances.
➢ contain immune cells that help
fight infection by attacking and
destroying germs that are
carried by lymph fluid.
Structure of Lymph Nodes
Capsule- connective tissue that covers the lymph node.
Cortex- located under the capsule and contains most of
the follicles.
Follicles- contains either B cells (primary) or T cells
(secondary) and helps to filter lymph.
Germinal center- Areas in the secondary follicles that help
B cells mature their antibodies and contain T cells.
Medulla- Region in the Lymph node that contains sinuses
separated by Medullary cords. The sinuses contain
Macrophages that engulf microorganisms.
Lymph node structure cont.
Afferent vessels- vessels that bring lymph to
lymph nodes.
Efferent vessels- vessels that carry lymph
away from lymph nodes.
Arteries and Veins- supply the lymph node
with blood
Lymph Ducts
❖ Work in conjunction with lymph
nodes and other vessels to
circulate disease-fighting lymph
throughout the body
➢ Duct: a tube, canal, or vessel
conveying a body fluid,
especially a glandular
secretion or excretion.
Lymphatic Vessels
Description
❖ tubular structures responsible
for carrying lymph throughout
the human body
❖ There are two kinds of vessels:
afferent and efferent. The
afferent vessels are similar to
veins in that they transport fluid
into the lymph nodes, while the
efferent vessels are similar to
arteries, carrying filtered lymph
away from the lymph nodes.
Function
❖ filters toxins and waste products
from somatic cells and tissues,
and aids in the production of
certain protein molecules.
Diseases of the Lymphatic system
Lymphedema- is chronic swelling
of the limbs caused by the
accumulation of lymph fluid that
occurs if the lymphatic system is
damaged or not functioning
properly.
Hodgkin's lymphoma- is a type
of cancer that typically occurs
when the white blood cells in the
body become diseased or
damaged.
Diseases Cont.
Elephantiasis- infection of the
lymphatic vessels causes a
thickening of the skin and
enlargement of underlying tissues,
especially in the legs and genitals.
Lymphatic filariasis- is a disease in
which parasitic worms infiltrate the
lymph system via the bite of a
mosquito.
Diseases Cont.
Castleman disease- is the
overgrowth of lymphatic cells that
cause the growth of a benign tumor
•
There are two types of
Castleman’s disease
UniCentric- localized form of the
disease affects only a single lymph
node.
MultiCentric- affects multiple lymph
nodes and lymphatic tissues, and can
severely weaken your immune
system. It sometimes accompanies
HIV/AIDS
Lymphatic System and Cancer
❖ How does it spread?
➢ Cancer cells break away from a tumor
➢ Cells travel to other areas of the body via bloodstream or the
lymph system
➢ Cancer cells may end up in lymph nodes
➢ In order to spread the cell must:
■ first be able to break away from the original tumor and then
attach to the outside wall of a lymph vessel or blood vessel.
■ Then move through the vessel wall to flow with the blood or
lymph to a new organ or lymph node
➢ When cancer grows inside lymph nodes, it usually affects the
lymph nodes near the tumor itself.
Treatments
Elephantiasis- There is no known
vaccine or cure , best method of
treatment is prevention.
Hodgkin's lymphomatreatment is the same as for most
cancers
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
Lymphedema- antibiotics can be
prescribed, other form of
treatments include compression
garments, exercises, and manual
lymph drainage.
Lymphatic filariasis- people
usually take a yearly dose of a
medicine called
diethylcarbamazine (DEC), that
kills the worms circulating in the
blood
Treatments Cont.
Lymphatic filariasis- people
usually take a yearly dose of a
medicine called
diethylcarbamazine (DEC), that
kills the worms circulating in the
blood
MultiCentric- Surgery usually
isn’t an option.
-Antibodies
Castleman’s Disease
UniCentric- Unicentric
Castleman disease can be cured
by surgically removing the
diseased lymph node.
- If Surgery isn’t possible the
antibody Rituxan or
corticosteroids may be prescribed
to shrink the lymph node.
- Corticosteroids
-Chemotherapy - Antiviral drugs
http://on.aol.com/video/how-toperform-a-lymph-self-exam326712290
Quick Quiz
1. What are the 4 Major
organs of the lymphatic
system?
2. What side of the body
does the thoracic duct
drain?
3. What is the function of
the thymus?
4. What is lymph?
5. What is the largest
organ in the lymphatic
system?
Works Cited
•
Zimmermann, Kim Ann. "Lymphatic System: Facts, Functions & Diseases." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 08 Feb.
2013. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.
•
"Immune and Lymphatic Systems." InnerBody. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014.
•
"The Lymphatic System." The Lymphatic System. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
•
"Health." Lymphatic System, Information about Lymphatic System. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
•
"Lymphatic System." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 May 2014. Web. 07 Apr. 2014
•
"Lymphatic System." ( Read ). N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
•
Mumprecht, Viviane Mumprecht, and Michael Detmar. "Lymphangiogenesis and Cancer Metastasis." US National Library
of Medicine National Health Institutes of Health. N.p., 6 July 2009. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.