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Chapter 14 Unit 1: Church Reform and the Crusades Age of Faith: Pope restored and expanded Pope Friar v. Monk: Friar: is a traveling holy man, spreads Christianity, begs for food Monk: lives in monastery BOTH: take same vows Cathedrals: cities of God ROMANESQUE: round arches, heavy roofs, thick walls, dark GOTHIC: Named for the Germanic tribe Goths, light, stain glass windows, sculptures, all meant to inspire worship The Crusades: Beginning: 1093 Byzantine Emperor Alexis sent letter to Count of Flanders, the letter ends up with the Pope (Urban II) Called for a Holy War = Crusade GOALS: regain holy land and unite Christianity Crusaders: pilgrims of God wore red cross on tunic assured passage to heaven 1st: 1097 armies arrive in Constantinople (unprepared for weather and terrain) Gained 650 miles from Edessa to Jerusalem ONLY SUCCESSFUL CRUSADE 2ND: Re-capture Jerusalem from Turks Saladin: Muslim leader 3rd: Led by Richard the Lionhearted Fought for awhile before deciding on truce TRUCE: (1) Jerusalem stayed in Muslims hands and (2) Christians can travel safely to Holy Land Children’s Crusade: Stephen Cloyes (France) marched to Holy Land – many died along the way and none returned Nicolas (Germany) marched to Italy to ask for supplies to go to the Crusades, Pope sends them home, many tried to board ships to the Holy Land OUTCOME: Symbolizes the church control over the people, that the parents would allow their children to go on dangerous trips Spanish Crusade Moors: Muslims in Spain Reconquista: effort to drive Muslims from Spain (Jews as well) Inquisition: court held by the church to suppress heresy run by Ferdinand and Isabelle (Catholic Monarchs) GOAL: unify Spain under Christianity and increase power of King and Queen OUTCOME: many to convert to Christianity to save their lives or they were murdered Effects of Crusades: Lessen the Popes power Weaken feudal nobility Increased Kings power Death Fall of Constantinople Increased tension with Muslims Increased and continued persecution of Jews Expanded trade for merchants Women gained rights – since men were off fighting