Download Describing the States of Matter 3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Describing the States of Matter
Materials can be classified as solids, liquids,
or gases based on whether their shapes and
volumes are definite or variable.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Describing the States of Matter
Solids
* Solid = the state of matter in which
materials have a definite shape and a
definite volume.
Almost all solids have some type of
orderly arrangement of particles at the
atomic level.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Describing the States of Matter
Liquids
• Liquid = the state of matter in which a
material has a definite volume but not a
definite shape.
A liquid always has the same shape as its
container and can be poured from one
container to another.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Describing the States of Matter
Gases
• Gas = the state of matter in which
a material has neither a definite
shape nor a definite volume.
• A gas takes the shape and volume
of its container.
• The helium atoms in a balloon are
not arranged in a regular pattern.
They are at random locations
throughout the balloon
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Describing the States of Matter
Other States of Matter
* At extremely high temperatures, such as
those found in stars, matter exists as a
fourth state called plasma.
* At temperatures near –273°C, groups of
atoms behave as though they are a single
particle. This fifth state of matter is called
a Bose-Einstein condensate (or BEC).
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Kinetic Theory
* The kinetic theory of matter says that all
particles of matter are in constant motion.
Kinetic energy = the energy an object has due
to its motion.
The kinetic theory was developed to
explain the behavior of gases. It can also
help to explain the behavior of liquids and
solids.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Explaining the Behavior of Gases
Kinetic Theory of Gases
The constant motion of particles
in a gas allows a gas to fill a
container of any shape or size.
* Particles in a gas are in
constant, random motion.
* The motion of one particle is
unaffected by the motion of
other particles unless the
particles collide.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids
A liquid takes the shape of
its container because
particles in a liquid can flow
to new locations. The
volume of a liquid is
constant because forces of
attraction keep the particles
close together.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Explaining the Behavior of Solids
Solids have a definite volume and shape
because particles in a solid vibrate around
fixed locations.
• Each
atom in a solid vibrates
around its location, but it does not
exchange places with a neighboring
atom. It is fixed!!