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Ancient China – During and After the Zhou Dynasty The Decline of the Zhou • Dynasty falls into chaos as warrior lords begin fighting each other for power – Ancient values of social harmony, respect and good government begin to fall apart • New people and ideas arise to help China – Confucius – Laozi and Daoism (Taoism) – Legalism and Shi Huangdi The Ideas of Confucius • Lived during 551-479 BCE • Believed social harmony, respect & good gov’t could be restored w/ 5 relationships – Thought people were naturally good, not bad Ruler and Subject Husband and Wife Father and Son 5 Relationships Older and Younger Bro Friend and Friend The Ideas of Confucius • 5 relationships were based on proper conduct (ex. Rulers kind, subjects loyal) • Believed in filial piety- respect for ones parents and elders – Code of politeness still used today • Believed in bureaucracy & education – Education was a way to advance yourself – Became the way of the gov’t for years • Book written of his ideas- “The Analects” • Confucianism never a religion; only an ethical system Laozi and the Daoists • Laozi- another leader in China – Believed in the ‘natural order’ of the world – A simple life with inner peace/ harmony – Called ‘the Dao’- or the way (Daoism) • Daoism- following the way in life • Believed everything in nature follows the Dao except humans – Humans argue and question • Daoists study the sciences – Leads to advancements in alchemy, astronomy and medicine The Legalists • Believed in highly efficient and powerful gov’t was the way to restore order – Use law to end civil disorder – Would restore social harmony • Believed rulers should give rich rewards and harsh punishments for actions • Believed any books or people challenging gov’t should be destroyed – Later these thoughts will become actions Other New Ideas for China • Some people did not like the new ideas • Used old ideas or oracles for guidance • I Ching- throwing coins and referring to oracle readings for answers – Comparable to oracle bones or Yatzee • Yin and Yang- balance of masculine and feminine in the world for Confucianism and Daoism – Yang (masculine), yin (feminine) • Both ideas used to help explain the world The Qin Dynasty Arises • Qin dynasty takes power from the Zhou • Shi Huangdi comes to power – Name means 1st Emperor – Practices Legalism to run China • Ends internal fighting and defeats outside invaders of China – Expands empire to its largest size • Worked to unify all of China under his power Achievements of Shi Huangdi • Creates an autocracy- one leader holds all the power of an area • Creates a centralized gov’t- gov’t run from a central or internal location – He ran gov’t from his city, took all lands – Moved all nobles in the city to watch them • Murdered Confucian thinkers, burned books • Built highways for trade • Set standards for money, writing and law • Style was unpopular, but he unified China The Great Wall of China • Built from the walls of the past • Shi Huangdi responsible for their construction – Used peasants to build the walls – Many died and were buried in the walls • Great Wall can be seen from space The Han Dynasty is Born • Huangdi dies and the Han dynasty comes to power – Liu Bang is victorious over other leaders • Han dynasty also uses centralized gov’t – People paid taxes and 1 month of labor – People tested for civil service jobs • Tested on Confucian knowledge • Major Han Achievements – Paper (105 AD), collar harness, 2-blade plow, wheelbarrow, keeping silk secret hidden, porcelain • Han dynasty will fall due to uneven distribution of wealth b/w rich and poor The Map of the Silk Roads • The Silk Roads were one of the most important trade routes in the world – Connected China to the rest of the world – Sold numerous products including silk, porcelain, and spread ideas on government and Buddhism