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Warm Up: p. 16
1. Who were the Plebeians?
2. Who were the Patricians?
3. How does Rome’s government
compare to that of Ancient Athens?
Add Guided notes to p. 17
The Expansion of Rome
Roman Army
• Roman Army at first
only Patricians.
• Rome was sacked, 376
BC: Plebeians added to
army.
• Legions=100-5,000 men
The Punic Wars
• Rome vs. Carthage
• Fought for control over the Mediterranean
The 1st Punic War (264-241 B.C.)
• Fought for control of Sicily
• What is the main military strength of Carthage?
1st Punic War con’t
• Romans captured a
Carthaginian ship and
used it as a model
• Romans built naval fleet
(120 ships)
• Corvus
• Romans eventually gain
control of Sicily
…Today?
• Does the US have a
strategic interest like
the Mediterranean
Sea?
• Does the US have a
corvus-like military
weapon advantage?
The 2nd Punic War (218-201 B.C.)
Hannibal
• Leader of Carthage
• Great military leader
• Romans hoped to hold Hannibal in
Spain with their ships then attack
Carthage itself
• Hannibal had other ideas
Hannibal’s Plan
• Advanced into Italy
by land
• Marched across the
Alps
• 40,000 soldiers
• 37 elephants
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA
• 8,000 horses
Hannibal’s Plan con’t
• He marched across the Alps
• Only ½ of his men and a few elephants survived
Hannibal in Italy
• Even though he lost
half of his men and
many
animals…Hannibal still
was willing to fight
• Fought the Romans at
Placentia
• Won!
• Continued to win
battles in Italy
• Lake Trasimene and
Cannae
• …Solution to stop
Carthage?
Hannibal vs. Scipio
• Roman General Scipio
• Scipio defeats Hannibal
in North Africa
Results of the 2nd Punic War
• Peace
• 1. Spain given to Rome
• Carthaginians allowed to
keep original territory in
Africa
• Cannot make war with
out Roman Permission
• Why wouldn’t the
Romans destroy Carthage
entirely? Should they
have done so?
The 3rd Punic War (149-146 B.C.)
• Carthage destroyed by
Romans
• Burned the city
• Plowed salt into the soil
Mare Nostrum
• “Our Sea”
• Rome becomes
dominant force in
the Mediterranean
End of the Punic Wars
• Rome
dominates/destroys
the legacy of Carthage
and becomes basis for
European history
• What if Rome has
lost? What would be
the effect on World
History?
• (Counterfactual..)
Roman Soldier Journal Entry Bottom of P.19
• You are a Roman
Soldier at the end of
the 3rd Punic War.
Write a note in your
journal describing
what you saw/did,
what happened to
Carthage, and
whether or not you
think this should have
happened to
Carthage.