Download DNA Typing/anthropology

DNA typing
What is DNA?
a. Nucleus of cells contain RNA/DNA
b. DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid ***
c. Nucleus has 23 pairs of chromosomes made
up of DNA ***
d. Within each pair, one chromosome from
sperm and one from egg ***
What makes DNA individual?
a. Four chemicals: adenine, guanine, cytosine,
and thymine make up the DNA code ***
b. Chemical strung together=DNA code
c. Some sections of DNA vary from individual to
individual
d. Scientists can link a strand of DNA to a given
individual
e. 2 different people could possibly have the
same blood type, not DNA ***
Criminal investigations
a. Specimens: blood, hair, bloodstained clothing
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Provides powerfully compelling evidence ***
Forensic anthropology
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Skeletal anatomy
a. 206 bones
b. Man = 12 pounds, woman = 10 pounds ***
What bones show
a. How person lived
b. Debilitation illnesses (rickets, polio, healed
fractures, osteoporosis)
c. Right handed or left handed
d. Clues to occupation
Skeletal remains can show:
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Age of person at time of death
Sex of person (skull and pelvis)
Race
Height
If the head is missing, it may be difficult to
determine the victim’s race ***
Odontology and serology studies in
forensic medicine
A. Odontology
1. Characteristics of teeth after death
a. No other part lasts longer
b. In fires, teeth usually only means to ID
remains, after a house fire, the coroner
would request a copy of the victim’s
odontogram in order to help identify the
body. ***
c. No two people have identical teeth
Requirements for identification
a. Need dental records
b. Dentists chart five surfaces of each tooth in a
grid (odontogram)
c. Can also provide “bite mark” evidence
 Teeth useful in determining subject’s age
Odontology
Serology
Blood type
a. Four types (A, B, O, and AB)
b. Rh factor (Rh factor is found in the blood)
***
c. Female cells have Barr Body***
Criminology
a. Kastle-Meyer test to determine if it is indeed
blood
b. Precipitin test – determines animal or human
blood
c. Can determine type and gender from blood
d. Provides reliable and informative evidence
Question for Monday
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List the forensic techniques that we have
discussed so far.
Answer for Monday
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Odontology
Forensic anthropology
DNA typing
Blood
Firearms and Toolmarks
Forensic Profiling
Document Examination
Autopsy
Question for Tuesday
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How long has a victim been dead for rigor
mortis starts? When does it reverse?
Answer for Tuesday
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Three hours
Reverses after 36 hours
Question for Wednesday
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Steve claims that he was attacked by three
people. One of the attackers, John, bit him. Is
there any way to prove in court that John bit
Steve?
Answer to Wednesday
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Yes, using bite mark identification/evidence
Test ID-First Block
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8911012867
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Test ID-Second Block
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8922812867
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Test ID-Third Block
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8903412867
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Test ID-Fourth Block
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8919512867
Please get a computer and make sure you can
log in and sign in. When you are finished with
your test, please log yourself off and shut the
computer down. Don’t just turn the computer
off, but shut it down. Thank you
Please sit quietly while others finish. You may
work on other schoolwork if needed.