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Chapter 10-1 and 10-2 DNA Warm-Up Pair the scientist with their discovery or project Scientist Discovery/Project Avery Bacteriophages genetic information is carried by DNA Franklin DNA stores and transmit genetic information Griffith Structure of DNA and principle of base pairing Hershey & Chase Transformation Watson & Crick X-ray of the structure of DNA Scientist Discovery/Project Avery Bacteriophages genetic information is carried by DNA Franklin DNA stores and transmit genetic information Griffith Structure of DNA and principle of base pairing Hershey & Chase Transformation Watson & Crick X-ray of the structure of DNA Scientist and their DNA Discoveries Griffith - 1928 Transformation Studied pneumonia in mice Avery – early 1940’s Repeated Griffith’s experiment in order to find out what molecule was most important in transformation Found that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits genetic information Continued…. Hershey-Chase - 1952 Bacteriophages Wanted to determine if the protein or DNA core of bacteriophages entered the infected cell which in turn would tell them what carried the genetic information Conclued that genetic information of the bacteriophage was DNA Chargraff - 1949 Percentage of guanine and cytosine are almost equal in any sample of DNA as are adenine and thymine Continued…. Franklin Used x-ray diffraction to get information about the structure of DNA Showed that the x-shaped pattern of DNA are twisted in a helix Suggested there are 2 strands in DNA and that the bases are near the center of DNA Wilkins Produced x-ray idffracton photographs and crystal of DNA Continued…. Watkins and Crick -1950s Constructed the double-helix model of DNA Discovered the principle of base pairing Video Clip The Components and Structure of DNA 3 critical things genes do: 1. 2. 3. Carry information from one generation to the next Determine the heritable characteristics of organisms Easily copied Structure of DNA 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group made up of a phosphorus atom bonded with 4 oxygen atoms make up the backbone Nitrogenous bases make up the rungs and contain nitrogen and carbon atoms. It is a base which will accept hydrogen ions. Made up of nucleotides 4 Types of Bases Purines 2 rings of carbon and nitrogen Pyrimidines 1 ring of carbon and nitrogen DNA Structure Base Pairing Rule for DNA: A-T C-G The order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA is called its base sequence. Bonds of DNA Nucleotides are connected by covalent bonds between the sugar of one and the phosphate of the next. Hydrogen bonds form between the complementary bases. 2 hydrogen bonds between A and T 3 hydrogen bonds between C and G