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Starter Question
Answer the following
questions based on the
solubility diagram.
• In general how does
temperature affect
solubility?
•Which compound shows
the least change in
solubility from 0oC to
100oC?
•At 30o, 90g of NaNO3 is
dissolved in 100g of water.
Is this solution saturated or
unsaturated?
Exit Ticket
Answer the following questions based on the solubility curve in
your notes.
•Which salt is least soluble at 20oC?
•How many grams of potassium chloride can be dissolved in
200g of water at 80oC?
•At 40oC how much potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 300g
of water?
•A saturated solution on potassium chlorate is formed from
100g of water. If the saturated solution is cooled from 80oC to
50oC, how many grams of precipitate are formed?
•What compound shows a decrease is solubility from 0oC to
100oC?
Reaction Rate
What factors could affect reaction rate?
Particle size
temperature
concentration
Catalyst
Collision Theory
Collision theory is used to explain
whether or not a reaction will
When a reaction occurs, the
occur and how fast the reaction reactant particles must collide
will occur.
with each other for a product to
be formed
For a successful collision to occur the
following conditions must be met:
•The particles must have the
correct orientation
•They must collide with
enough energy
When reactant particles collide with the correct orientation and
the correct energy a substance called ‘the activated complex’ is
formed.
An activated complex is a temporary, unstable arrangement of
atoms.
This is a diagram showing
the energy of a system as
the reaction progresses
Since the reactants have
more energy than the
products, energy is lost
during the course of this
reaction
Reaction Rate and Concentration
Calcium carbonate with
1M HCl
Calcium carbonate with
3M HCl
As concentration increases there are more particles available to
react so reaction rate increases
Reaction Rate and Temperature
Calcium carbonate with
1M HCl at 25oC
Calcium carbonate with
1M HCl at 75oC
As temperature increases the reactant particles move at
greater speeds. This means that there is a greater chance of an
successful collision
Reaction Rate and Particle Size
Calcium carbonate
lumps with 1M HCl
Calcium carbonate
powder with 1M HCl
As particle size decreases there is an increase in surface area so
there is a larger area for a reaction to occur on so reaction rate
increases
Today’s Tasks
•Find the definitions for the following words
Temperature, Concentration, Particle Size, Catalyst,
Enzyme, Activation energy, Activated Complex
•Complete notes on Reaction Rates.
•Answer questions on worksheet
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of
the particles in a sample of matter
Concentration
A quantitative measure of the amount of
solute in a given amount of solvent or solution
Particle Size
How big the particles in a reaction are
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a
chemical reaction by lowering the activation
energy, but is not itself consumed during the
reaction
Enzyme
A biological catalyst
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required
by reacting particles in order to form the
activated complex and lead to a reaction
Activated Complex
A short- lived, unstable arrangement of
atoms that may break apart and re-form
the reactants or may form products; also
sometimes referred to as the transition
state