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Plants and Animals
Plants and Animals
• Eukaryotic cells are
broken into a few
categories
• However the main two
types of cells that we are
concerned with are plants
and animals
• We interact with plants
and animals more often
than other types of cells
• These two cells are
similar to each other but
very different from
prokaryotes
Plants and Animals
• Plants and animal cells
have fundamental
differences
• The differences
between plant and
animal cells create the
differences in the
organisms that we see
Animal Cells
• Lets start with what we
are familiar
• Animal cells can be
unicellular or
multicellular
• They are versatile cells
that can move and
adapt to new
environments
Animal Cells
• Animal cells cannot
produce their own food
• Food must come from
an outside source
• This means that if
animal cells are
separated from a food
source for an extended
period of time, they will
die
Animal Cells
• Almost all of the
structures of animal
cells are in plant cells
• The few exceptions are
lysosomes* and
centrioles
• Cillia and flagella are
much more common in
animals than plants
Plant Cells
• A plant cell is a rigid and
fixed cell that has a cell
wall
• Plant cells can be
unicellular or
multicellular
• Most plant cells are
finely tuned to their
environment
Plant Cells
• Most plant cells have the
ability to create their own
food
• The most common way
that plant cells will create
their own food is through
photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis is the
process that entails plants
taking in sunlight, water
and carbon dioxide and
creating sugars and
oxygen
Plant Cells
• Plant cells perform
photosynthesis in a
structure called the
chloroplast
• The chloroplast
contains the pigments
chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll captures
light energy that the
chloroplast can use to
create sugars
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have a few
other structures that are
not seen in animal cells
• Cell walls surround,
protect and support a
plant cell
– Made of cellulose
• Plasmodesmata are small
openings in that cell wall
that allow plants to share
resources within an
organism
Plant Cells
• A large central vacuole is
also a unique feature to a
plant
• It provides a storage area
for water and aqueous
solutions
• It also provides an
outward pressure to the
cell wall which supports
the plant
• The outward pressure is
called Turgor pressure