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Plants and Animals Plants and Animals • Eukaryotic cells are broken into a few categories • However the main two types of cells that we are concerned with are plants and animals • We interact with plants and animals more often than other types of cells • These two cells are similar to each other but very different from prokaryotes Plants and Animals • Plants and animal cells have fundamental differences • The differences between plant and animal cells create the differences in the organisms that we see Animal Cells • Lets start with what we are familiar • Animal cells can be unicellular or multicellular • They are versatile cells that can move and adapt to new environments Animal Cells • Animal cells cannot produce their own food • Food must come from an outside source • This means that if animal cells are separated from a food source for an extended period of time, they will die Animal Cells • Almost all of the structures of animal cells are in plant cells • The few exceptions are lysosomes* and centrioles • Cillia and flagella are much more common in animals than plants Plant Cells • A plant cell is a rigid and fixed cell that has a cell wall • Plant cells can be unicellular or multicellular • Most plant cells are finely tuned to their environment Plant Cells • Most plant cells have the ability to create their own food • The most common way that plant cells will create their own food is through photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the process that entails plants taking in sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and creating sugars and oxygen Plant Cells • Plant cells perform photosynthesis in a structure called the chloroplast • The chloroplast contains the pigments chlorophyll • Chlorophyll captures light energy that the chloroplast can use to create sugars Plant Cells • Plant cells have a few other structures that are not seen in animal cells • Cell walls surround, protect and support a plant cell – Made of cellulose • Plasmodesmata are small openings in that cell wall that allow plants to share resources within an organism Plant Cells • A large central vacuole is also a unique feature to a plant • It provides a storage area for water and aqueous solutions • It also provides an outward pressure to the cell wall which supports the plant • The outward pressure is called Turgor pressure