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Transcript
What to do… • Answer the following question in your journal. • Write the page number where you can find information to help you answer the question Inside the Earth Ch. 15 sec. 1 & 2 Standard 7.4 - Differentiate among the characteristics of the Earth’s three layers Composition (What it is made of) • Earth’s interior is divided into layers: the crust, mantle, & core, based on composition. • Although the Earth’s crust seem stable, the extreme heat of the Earth’s interior causes changes that slowly reshape the surface. Physical Structure of the Earth (5 Layers) • Lithosphere- rigid outer layer (crust) • Asthenosphere- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt) • Mesosphere- middle layer • Outer Core- liquid layer • Inner Core- solid, very dense The Crust • Outermost layer of earth made of rock that forms earth’s outer skin • 5 to 100 km thick • thinnest layer • less than 1% of Earth’s mass • Composition of crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium Oceanic and Continental Crust Oceanic Crust •crust beneath the oceans •consist mainly of dense rock (basalt dark in color) •5-8 km thick Continental Crust •crust that forms the continents •consist mainly of less dense rock (granite - lighter in color) •30 km average thickness The Mantle Crust to Mantle • The upper part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer called the lithosphere. »Lithos is greek for stone, 100 km thick »made of pieces called tectonic plates Crust to Mantle • The asthenosphere is a soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move – asthenes is Greek for soft or weak – material is like warm tar and can flow slowly • The rigid crust and lithosphere float on the hot, plastic material of the asthenosphere. Convection Currents inside the Mantle • Hot columns of mantle material rise slowly through the asthenosphere The Core • Made mostly of iron • 1/3 of the earth’s mass • Very hot - 2,000 ºC to 5,000ºC • Consist of 2 parts; Inner Core and Outer Core The Outer Core • layer of molten metal (iron and nickel) beneath the mantle • surrounds the inner core • 2,200 km thick The Inner Core • dense ball of solid metal (iron and nickel) • extreme pressure from layers above • 1200 km, from outside edge of inner core to center Earth’s Layers • How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? • Shell=crust • Egg white=mantle • Yolk=core Tectonic Plates • The tectonic plates are pieces of the lithosphere that fit like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle and move on top of the asthenosphere • May Consist of both Continental and Oceanic Crust Tectonic Plates • Earth’s crust is broken into about 19 pieces Major tectonic plates: Pacific plate North American plate Cocos plate Nazca plate Antarctic Plate South American Plate Eurasian Plate Indian Plate Australian Plate Put it together. . . • Complete the skill sheet