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DESIGN A FLOWER © Richard Taylor What is pollination? • Pollination is how plants reproduce. • Pollination happens when pollen grains (the male reproductive cells) are moved from the stamen (the male reproductive organ) to the stigma (the female reproductive organ) of another plant of the same species. • After pollination has happened, the female parts of the plant are fertilised and seeds are produced. Once the seeds have been dispersed they will grow into a new plant. Stamen • • • The stamen is plant’s male reproductive organ. Stamens have two parts, the filament and the anther. The anther produces pollen and and the filament supports the anther. Pollen • • • Pollen is the male reproductive reproductive cell of a plant. Pollen is extremely small and single grains can only be seen seen under a microscope – like like in this picture. Pollen can be transported by wind, water or animals. Stigma • • • The stigma is the female reproductive organ of a plant. For pollination to occur, pollen must be spread from the anther anther of one plant to the stigma stigma of another. When pollen reaches the stigma stigma it begins to grow. Ovary • • • The pollen produces a ‘pollen tube’ that grows towards the ovary. The ovary is the female reproductive organ, which is made made up of single ovules. When the pollen the ovary, it fertilises it and the ovary develops develops into a seed. Seed • • • Once a seed is created, it will be be distributed by wind, water or animals. Seeds contain all of the information needed to create a new plant. If a seed is dropped in a suitable location, it will begin to grow into a into a seedling. Types of pollination • • • • All plant species have a main type of pollination that they use to use to reproduce. Some plants need to spread their pollen to a different plant of of the same species to reproduce and these are called crosscross-pollinating. Other plants have flowers that contain both the male and female reproductive organs and can therefore create new plants plants themselves. These are called self-pollinating. Cross-pollinating plants can use three different transport systems to spread their pollen: wind, water or animal. Animal pollination • This pollination type happens when an animal visits a plant, usually usually to eat its nectar, and is covered in pollen while it eats. • The animal will then continue its quest for more nectar and spreads spreads the pollen that it has collected from one plant to the next. next. Plants only make nectar so that animals visit their flowers and collect their pollen – how clever! • Animal pollinators Design a flower for your pollinator