Download What is pollination?

DESIGN
A
FLOWER
© Richard Taylor
What is pollination?
• Pollination is how plants reproduce.
• Pollination happens when pollen grains (the male reproductive
cells) are moved from the stamen (the male reproductive
organ) to the stigma (the female reproductive organ) of
another plant of the same species.
• After pollination has happened, the female parts of the plant
are fertilised and seeds are produced. Once the seeds have
been dispersed they will grow into a new plant.
Stamen
•
•
•
The stamen is plant’s male
reproductive organ.
Stamens have two parts, the
filament and the anther.
The anther produces pollen and
and the filament supports the
anther.
Pollen
•
•
•
Pollen is the male reproductive
reproductive cell of a plant.
Pollen is extremely small and
single grains can only be seen
seen under a microscope – like
like in this picture.
Pollen can be transported by
wind, water or animals.
Stigma
•
•
•
The stigma is the female
reproductive organ of a plant.
For pollination to occur, pollen
must be spread from the anther
anther of one plant to the stigma
stigma of another.
When pollen reaches the stigma
stigma it begins to grow.
Ovary
•
•
•
The pollen produces a ‘pollen
tube’ that grows towards the
ovary.
The ovary is the female
reproductive organ, which is made
made up of single ovules.
When the pollen the ovary, it
fertilises it and the ovary develops
develops into a seed.
Seed
•
•
•
Once a seed is created, it will be
be distributed by wind, water or
animals.
Seeds contain all of the
information needed to create a
new plant.
If a seed is dropped in a suitable
location, it will begin to grow into a
into a seedling.
Types of pollination
•
•
•
•
All plant species have a main type of pollination that they use to
use to reproduce.
Some plants need to spread their pollen to a different plant of
of the same species to reproduce and these are called crosscross-pollinating.
Other plants have flowers that contain both the male and
female reproductive organs and can therefore create new plants
plants themselves. These are called self-pollinating.
Cross-pollinating plants can use three different transport
systems to spread their pollen: wind, water or animal.
Animal pollination
•
This pollination type happens when an animal visits a plant, usually
usually to eat its nectar, and is covered in pollen while it eats.
•
The animal will then continue its quest for more nectar and spreads
spreads the pollen that it has collected from one plant to the next.
next.
Plants only make nectar so that animals visit their flowers and
collect their pollen – how clever!
•
Animal pollinators
Design a flower for your pollinator