Download rome power point - davis.k12.ut.us

Read 10 Min
Turn in HW; Ch. 5 quiz
Social means like the interactions between people or the relations between people its like
the attitudes, orientations or behaviors which takes interests, intentions or needs of other
people into account.
Culture generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give
activities significance and importance like all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and
• institutions
Must determine
the
historical
within a
of a population
thatsignificance
are passed downof
from
generationevents
to generation.
Begin Rome Timeline
given time period
• Must be color coded to reflect political, social, and cultural
dates and events within the larger historical time period.
• Must include 15 political dates and events
• Must include 15 social and cultural dates events
• Must include at least 2 hand drawn illustrations per category
for a total of 14.
• Must ANNOTATE - explain why each event is important
and/or significant to the historical time period
• Must be at least 22 inches in length
• Must figure out an appropriate scale so everything is spaced
out evenly – multiple year events need to be bracketed.
Foundation of Rome –
Romulus/Remus
Roman
Geography;
Mediterran
ean Maps
• Why did Rome thrive?
• Geographic barriers for protection, alps/sea, sea
was also quick transportation, fertile soil/mild
climates
• Built upon the Tiber river
• Latin's came down into Italy ,Ruled for 100 yrs.
Originally many tribes settled upon seven hills to form
the city of Rome.
• Etruscans of N. Italy took over, of Greek descent. What
do you believe they introduced? TPS
• Built first city walls/sewer, introduced the
arch/alphabet and numerical system
• Introduced gladiator games/chariot
races/sculpture/painting
Geography Founding
• 509 BC threw out Etruscan tyrant, replaced the monarchy
with a Republic – gov’t which elected officials governed the
state.
• Patricians - Heads of a few aristocratic families ; ruled all
aspects of society, ran a patronage system. (give protection
for money/work etc)
• Plebeians – common people, challenged for power from
beginning.
• When Rome was threatened, Plebeians withdrew/seceded.
Left Rome refusing to fight, Patricians realized no army
w/out them and granted them rights.
• Plebeians returned/defended Rome
• Created Plebeian Council, oversaw protecting plebeian
affairs. Even elected their own Tribunes , officials to protect
plebeian rights, eventually gained right to veto - ban
The Roman Republic
• Eventually plebeians forced patricians to have
all laws written down. Laws displayed in
Roman Forum – central square on 12 large
tablets. How did having the laws written down
change things? TPS
• Patricians could not make decisions based
on their own opinions or on secret laws.
• Became known as the Law of the Twelve
Tables
• One of the laws was a ban on marriage
between patricians and plebeians. Why do
you think??
Continued…
Finish Timeline
Read 10 Min
Read 10 Min
• Answers these questions with a partner.
1. List all of the cities that still have place names
that are familiar or still in use today
2. Describe the territory called the “Roman
World” in terms of the oceans and continents it
touches.
3. Suggest three ways geographical location
affected the development of Rome.
4. What geographical features might have helped
or hindered the spread of Christianity
throughout the Roman Empire.
W/ Partner; picture p. 153
• What do you know about the U.S. Constitution?
• In groups, evaluate and discuss
differences/similarities between your assigned
parts of the Roman Constitution (12 tables) and the
US Constitution
• After you have written down several examples,
write a paragraph describing the relationships of
the two documents
• Use these questions to guide your thinking..
• Who created the laws?
• The possible points of view of patricians and
plebeians on each law
• How the laws would have affected members of
each class.
12 Tables – U.S. Constitution
• Roman men ages 17-46 had to own minimal property to
serve, why is this unique?
• Highly disciplined , well trained
• By 265 BC Romans defeated Etruscans/southern Italy.
• Rarely interfered with affairs of new cities/only required
citizens to provide men for Roman Troops
• After Italy conquest took affairs to Sicily.
• Sicily brought Rome into conflict with Carthage, violence
grew into Punic Wars (80 years) 264-146 B.C.
Military
• 1st war a naval war. Carthage had incredible advantage.
• Romans built a strong navy eventually defeating
Carthage. Strained relations/tensions between both
• Hannibal – leader of Carthage military, master of
strategy. Battle of Lake Trasimene (largest military
ambush in history) 50k to 30k.
• Beginning of 2nd Punic War led a well trained army
around Spain through alps to surprise attack them, Lost
half of his 50,000 men – 9,000 cavalry & 60 elephants
• TPS How might have Romans reacted when they saw
Hannibal descending the Alps with War Elephants? Why
• Led the force of war elephants down the Alps invading
Italy. Dominated Italian countryside for years
• At one battle killed/wounded 50,000 Romans
Punic Wars
• Daring Roman leader named Scipio – mastermind of
defeat of Hannibal, matched his boldness & captured
Carthage, given name Africanus “conqueror of Africa”.
• End of second Punic War, Rome became power of
Mediterranean.
• Many wanted Rome to burn/destroy Carthage.
• One senator ended every speech “Carthage must be
destroyed”. Why did he end his speeches like this TPS?
• Finally declared war on enemy. Carthage only held for 3
year. Romans enslaved entire population and completely
destroyed the city. Banned all from living in the area.
• Greeks sought Rome as ally, need protection from
Egypt/Macedonia/Persia
• Defeated Macedonia/Persia together, both those and
Greece became Provinces of Rome
• Rome adopted many elements of Greek Culture
• Art/Architecture-Some of Rome’s most famous pieces
copies of great Greek pieces
• Religion – adopted Gods Zeus became Jupiter,
Hera/Juno, Poseidon and Hades/Neptune & Pluto.
• Gods became heart of Roman culture/Religion, built
temples for Gods.
Greece & Rome
Finish Timeline
Rome partner Worksheet/Vocab
Review
Read 10 Min.
• Growing republic = growing tensions
• Tiberius & Gaius Gracchi, mistreatment of soldierfarmers
• 1st time violence had become a political tool in forum.
TPS why does this matter?
• Gaius Marius elected counsel. Eliminated property
restrictions to join army. What happens because of
this?
• Poor joined to plunder lands after war
• Armies became large privatized affairs
• Generals realized devotion/power, used loyalty of
troops as a political tool to increase their power
Republic to Empire
• Allies tried to get Roman cit./senate refused. Social
War broke out, Italian rebels event. Defeated but given
citizenship. Dictator named Lucius Sulla emerged
through Social War.
• How had the old republic changed? TPS
• No longer a republic, few men held power, non
peaceful
• Three men took over Roman Republic as the first
Triumvirate – rule of 3 men
• Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus helped
bring an end to the republic. Caesar/Pompey military
leader conquered much of the republic land wise,
Crassus one of the wealthiest men in Rome.
Continued
• Crassus died, Pompey and Caesar faced off in a civil
war – conflict between groups in the same country,
Caesar won.
• Senate declared him dictator for life in 44 BC
• Brought many changes to Rome, gave cit. to people
in provinces/gave public land to veterans/expanded
the Senate/Created jobs for the poor by constructing
new public buildings
• TPS Why does it matter that Caesar creates jobs for
the poor?
• Senators weary , thought desired to make himself
king/destroy republic completely.
• To “save the republic” group of senators conspired to
kill Caesar on the Ides of March – March 15 – Tillius
Cimber lead , Marcus Brutus “You too my child”
Caesar's Rule
Julius Caesar Read – Shakespeare
• 3-2-1 template on board
nd
2
Triumvirate
• Caesars adopted son Octavian, loyal officer Marc
Antony, high priest Lepidus took power.
• Lepidus was pushed off, Antony/Octavian shared
power east/west……which always leads to Civil War
• Octavian defeated Antony and ally Cleopatra of Egypt
31 BC. Following year double suicide of
Antony/Cleopatra. Octavian ruled empire alone,
beginning of a new period in Roman History.
• Did not want a dictatorship but knew he had to restore
order and secretly decided a Republican form of gov’t is
impossible
• Formed an empire but did not call himself
king/emperor. TPS why not?
• Called himself princeps “first citizen”, gov’t he
established known as The Principate, claimed to work
for good of the people
• Senate gave him title of Augustus
“the revered one”, name by which he
is still known today. Given right to
wear crown of laurel & oak leaves
Octavian Augustus
• For 207 years period of peace beginning with Augustus
would be known as Pax Romana – “Roman Peace”;
empire 3 mil sq miles – 60-80 mil people
• Emperor clear leader/defined role
• Roman life seen from Britain to Asia Minor
(theatre/public baths/temples/ampitheatre)
• Agriculture still primary occupation of people in empire
• 50,000 in roads, yet transported by sea most good why?
• Cheaper to send across Mediterranean by boat than
100 miles of road
• Terrible road conditions
Pax Romana
• Who were gladiators?
• Slaves/criminals/pow/few volunteered for glory
• Were ancient movie stars/celebrities
• http://www.history.com/videos/the-fall-of-rome#games-inthe-coliseum
• Wealthy had 3 or 4 bedroom home in city and a country home
• Majority (nearly 1 million) lived in three or four story apt.
• Fire constant threat bc of torches to light and charcoal cooking
• To keep riots low offered food and circuses
• Circuses – large entertainment such as racetrack
games/theatre with comedy/mimes/dancers/jugglers and
gladiator games/beast events in coliseum
• Entertainment included bath houses
• Taught in home / tutors for some.
Latin/Greek/Law/Math/Public Speaking
Roman Culture & Society
• Science/Engineering was their legacy.
• Physician Galen wrote several volumes of all the medical info
he knew
• Known as greatest authority on medicine for centuries
after
• Ptolemy synthesized knowledge of others into a single theory
on astronomy – that the earth was the center of the universe.
• TPS how does this differ from the knowledge the Greeks
sought?
• Philosophers wanted to know for their own sake, Romans
very practical applying knowledge to improve life etc. i.e.
aqueducts – man-made channels used to bring water to
cities
• Architecture still outstanding today, arch and the vault
• Romans inspired Michelangelo – designed the dome of Saint
Peter’s Basilica, Thomas Jefferson library U of Virg.
Cultural Legacy
Partner read p. 166-167
• Describe what life in a Roman villa was like.
• How does a typical villa meal compare to a typical
meal today?
• Consider the risks of living near Vesuvius. How have
the dangers changed since Roman times?
• Create a chart comparing/contrasting how are
homes today similar/different to a Roman villa?
Why build with Arches/Vaults?
TPS
• Stronger, extended vault incredibly strong allowed
much stronger buildings
• Build your own arches
• With sugar cubes/cornstarch. Mix cornstarch in a
small amount of water to form a thick paste. In
small groups compete to see who can build the
strongest free-standing arch. When the arches dry
we will test their strength.