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Transcript
DNA and RNA Chapter 12 Griffith and Transformation Griffith hypothesized… • when live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed bacteria were mixed, some factor was transferred from the heat-killed cells into the live cells • The ability to cause disease was inherited by the transformed bacteria’s offspring, • Transforming factor might be a gene Avery’s Experiment Avery and DNA • Avery and colleagues made an extract from the heat-killed bacteria then treated it with enzymes that destroyed proteins, lipids, CHOs, and RNA • Transformation still occurred • When DNA was destroyed, transformation did not occur • DNA stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next **The Hershey-Chase Experiment Hershey and Chase concluded… •the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein The Structure of DNA nucleotides deoxyribose Phosphate Nitrogen group base Nitrogen Bases Chargaff’s Rules [A] = [T] and [G] = [C] X-Ray Evidence • Rosalind Franklin used x-ray diffraction to learn about the structure of DNA The Double Helix • F. Crick and J. Watson (1953) • 2 strands wound together • Hydrogen bonds form between certain bases with just enough force to hold 2 strands together A ---- T G ---- C Base pairing principle explained (Chargaff)
