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Day 4: Ecology BIOLOGY EOCT REVIEW ORGANIZATION OF LIFE Organism Population Same organisms Community Groups All classrooms of biotic organisms Ecosystem Abiotic City and biotic factors Biome Biosphere Student Class of students Deciduous forest Earth BIOSPHERE Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Living factors Non-living factors Examples: Examples: Animals Plants Fungi Protists Eubacteria Archaebacteria Temperature Climate Precipitation Soil Sunlight Water TERRESTRIAL BIOMES Tundra Cold/Dry—very Tropical Rain Forest Hot/Wet—more plants and animals are found here Desert Mostly few plants and animals hot/Dry (arid)—nocturnal animals Grassland Moderate temperature/rainfall—few tall trees AQUATIC BIOMES Freshwater Biomes Marine Biomes Rivers, lakes, ponds Oceans, seas Low/no salinity High salinity No salt in water Lots of salt in water Estuaries Area where freshwater rivers and marine oceans mix Salinity level varies based on ocean tides RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANISMS Habitat Organisms fight for use of the same resource Both benefit Bee and flower Commensalism Organismal relationships Mutualism Predator attacks and kills prey Competition Symbiosis Role an organism plays Ex: plants are producers Predation Where an organism lives Niche Benefits and unaffected Fish eating shark’s left-overs Parasitism Benefits and harmed Tick sucks blood from dog ENERGY FLOW IN THE ECOSYSTEMS All energy comes from the sun Herbivore Eats Carnivore Eats meat Omnivore Eats plants both Detrivore Eats dead matter CONSUMER INTERACTIONS Food Chain Food Web BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Water Cycle Precipitation, condensation, evaporation, transpiration (water evaporating from plants) Carbon Cycle In photosynthesis and cellular respiration Burning fossil fuels increase CO2 in atmosphere Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria “fixes” nitrogen in a useable form (nitrates/ammonia) for other organisms ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION HUMAN IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT Resource Use Non-renewable resources Pollution Natural gas Coal Oil Nuclear energy Air pollution Burning fossil fuels Using CFCs depletes ozone Leads to: Renewable resources Biomass (plants) Geothermal Wind Water Sunlight Smog Global warming Water pollution Fertilizer/waste runoff Contaminates water, making it non-potable Potable = drinkable BEHAVIORS AND ADAPTATIONS Plants Geotropism—gravity Animals Thicker trunk in tall plant Reflexes Following mothers Suckling Territoriality Sunflowers following sun Thigmotropism—touch Vines in a lattice Produce hormones Can have a chemical defense to protect them Innate behaviors Phototropism—light Learned behaviors Dog walking into kitchen when he hears a can opener
