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Internal Systems &
Regulation
 The human body is made up of several organ
systems that work together as one unit
 Your body is constantly absorbing material, getting
rid of wastes and converting matter into energy
 To you, breathing and eating may seem effortless,
but the actual processes that are taking place in
your body are extremely complex
WHY DO WE NEED A RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM?
The air is made up of
gases (Ar, CO2,other)
(CO2 < .03%)
78% N,
21
% O,
____%
1 other
 Organisms require oxygen to breakdown organic
cellular respiration
compounds in a process called _______________________
(oxidation) to obtain the chemical energy ATP
.
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP)
Fitness can be measured by the body’s ability to
provide oxygen for the tissues of the body.
What sports do you believe require GREAT fitness?
What sports do you believe require LESS fitness?
Justify your answer.
RESPIRATION & BREATHING
RespirationAre all the processes involved in the
exchange between O2__ and CO2__ between the cells
and the environment.
Respiration includes 3 processes:
Breathing,
Gas exchange, Cellular Respiration
____________________________________________
Equation for respiration:
O2
Inhalation
Exhalation
CO2
O2
O2
Internal Resp.
Cellular Resp
External Resp.
 _______________
 _________
Exchange
O2 +
b/w
CO2
CO2
b/w lungs
glucose =
blood &
& blood
ATP + CO2
cells
___
_____ Is the movement of gases between the
Breathing
respiratory membrane of living things and their
environment.
Respiratory Membrane where diffusion of
___
oxygen and other gases occurs.
THE CHALLENGE OF GETTING OXYGEN
 As animals increase in size their Surface area of the
respiratory membrane must also increase because more
2 needed to meet their energy demands
____Ois
 Worms use their skin
to breath, therefore their
respiratory membrane must always be moist to allow the
gases to dissolve into the water and to allow for diffusion
 Fish, salamanders, clams, starfish and crayfish
exchange gases through their gills .
 The folding and branching of the gills increases the
surface area, and increase the efficiency of gas
exchange
also use a countercurrent flow, this
means that water passes over the gills in one
direction and the blood flows in the opposite
direction. This ensures that the oxygen rich
water will always diffuse into the oxygen poor
blood
 Gills
http://greatneck.k12.ny.us/gnps/shs/dept/sc
ience/krauz/marino_bio_notes/Osteichthye
s_files/image034.gif
Fun Facts!
-When fish are taken out of the water, they suffocate. This is not
because they cannot breathe the oxygen available in the air, but
because their gill arches collapse and there is not enough surface
area for diffusion to take place.
-There are actually some fish that can survive out of the water,
such as the walking catfish (which have modified lamellae
allowing them to breathe air).
-It is possible for a fish to suffocate in the water. This could
happen when the oxygen in the water has been used up.
Ex. Goldfish in a bowl
 Insects have their respiratory systems inside their
body and have a tracheal system
 These include branching respiratory tubes that
connect cells directly to the atmosphere by openings in
spiracles.
the exoskeleton called
 This method is okay, however it is size limiting and is
the reason why insects remain small
http://www.lepak.tv/index.php?
page=videos&section=view&vi
d_id=107179
Homework:
Read Section 8.1
Questions pg 255 #1-6
WEBSITE!
http://spatriotssbi3u.wikispaces.com/
Fun Facts!
-Following puberty, the cartilage and larynx of males
increase in size and thickness. The larger voice box
produces a deeper sound.
-Adolescent boys have trouble controlling the pitch of their
voice due to rapid growth of the voice box
-Ever notice that you voice lowers when you have a cold?
This is caused by inflammation of the vocal cords which
causes swelling and produces lower-frequency vibrations.
After the trachea the air moves into the two
which is also have cartilage rings.
bronchi
The bronchi than branch into tinier airways called
bronchioles
, these
do not contain cartilage
The air moves into tiny sacs called alveoli and
are surrounded by capillaries
.
 The alveoli are the site of
gas exchange
.
Oxygen
__________
Moves form the lungs into the alveoli and
than into the capillaries, CO____
is exchanged at the
2
exact same time from the capillaries into the alveoli and
than into the lungs where it is exhales.
 Each lung contains 150 million alveoli and
provides enough surface area and than into the lungs
where it is exhaled.
 To reduce friction between the lungs and the chest
cavity exists a thin membrane called the
pleural
membrane
, these
membranes
contain a space that are fluid filled
 Pleurisy
Is the inflammation of the pleural
membranes and the build up of fluids in the chest
cavity, it is caused when the 2 membranes rub
together and is normally caused by
. Pneumonia, Smoking & Emphysema
Each lung is divided into lobes. The right lung
has 3 lobes and the left has 2 to accommodate
the heart.
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
(UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT)
Nostrils/mouth Pharynx  Glottis  Larynx  Trachea
 Bronchi  Bronchioles Alveoli
(LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT)
Homework
-Read Section 8.2 pg 256-259
-Breath of Life Questions