Download Minerals and Rocks

Minerals and Rocks
Properties of Minerals
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Luster
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage
Properties of Minerals
• Luster: the way a mineral shines, or
reflects light
Properties of Minerals
• Streak: the color of a mineral when it is
ground to a powder.
Properties of Minerals
• Hardness: the measure of how easily a
mineral can be scratched.
Properties of Minerals
• Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to
split easily along flat surfaces.
Mica cleaves, or
splits, along one
plane.
Ruby does not split
along cleavage
planes.
Calcite has three
cleavage planes.
Uses of Minerals
• In glasses( titanium)
• In watches (quartz)
• In Aluminum bats (bauxite)
• In Windows (talc, quartz, calcite,
and feldspar
• In Plumbing Pipes (copper)
• Any many others
Rocks vs. Minerals
• Minerals are non living solid materials that
has a definite chemical makeup.
• What???
• What this means is that each mineral is
made up of just one thing.
• Rocks are solid materials made up of one
or more minerals.
Earth’s Layers
• 1st Layer Crust: the thinnest
layer made up of rock
• 2nd Layer Mantle: a thick layer
of rock between the crust and
the core.
• 3rd Layer Core: a dense ball
with a liquid out part and a
solid inner part.
Types of Rocks
• Igneous Rocks form when melted rock
from deep below Earth’s surfaces cools
and hardens.
Obsidian forms
when molted rock
cools quickly.
Granite is
molten rock
that hardens
in the crust
Basalt makes up
much of Earth’s
crust beneath the
oceans.
Types of Rocks
• Sedimentary rock forms when sand, particles of rock,
bits of soil, and remains of once-living things (sediments)
are pressed together and harden. This only happens
when they are weathered down.
Conglomerate
forms from
sediments of
different sizes.
Shale forms from
thin layers of clay.
It is smooth and
breaks easily into
layers.
Types of Rocks
• Metamorphic rock is rock that forms
when existing rocks are changed by
extreme heat and pressure.
Granite, an
igneous
rock,
changes to
gneiss.
Limestone, a sedimentary
rock, changes to marble
The Rock Cycle
• The continuous series of changes that
rocks undergo.