Download Hypothesis:

Hypothesis:
An educated prediction
Observation:
Any use of one or more of the senses
to gather information
Scientific Method:
The process scientists use to solve
problems and answer questions
Analyze:
To examine data and show the
relationship and meaning of that data
Conclusion:
A summary of the entire experiment
Mineral:
A naturally occurring inorganic solid
with a definite chemical composition
and an orderly arrangement of atoms
Crystal:
A solid in which the atoms are
arranged in orderly, repeating
patterns
Magma:
Hot melted rock material
Silicates:
Minerals that contain silicon, and
oxygen, and usually one or more other
elements
Hardness:
A measure of how easily a mineral can
be scratched
Luster:
The way a mineral reflects light
Specific Gravity:
The ratio of a minerals weight
compared to the weight of an equal
volume of water
Streak:
The color of a mineral when it is in a
powder form
Cleavage:
Minerals that break along smooth, flat
surfaces
Fracture:
Minerals that break with uneven,
rough, or jagged surfaces
Gems:
Highly prized minerals because they
are rare and beautiful
Ore:
A mineral or a rock that contains
useful substances that can be mined
at a profit
Rock:
A mixture of minerals, rock
fragments, volcanic glass, organic
matter, or other natural materials
Rock Cycle:
The process that creates and changes
rocks
Igneous Rock:
Hot magma that has cooled and
hardened
Lava:
When magma reaches the Earth’s
surface and/or flows from volcanoes
Intrusive:
Rocks that form from magma below
the surface of the Earth
Extrusive:
Rocks that form from Magma above
the surface of the Earth
Basaltic:
Dense, dark-colored rocks
Granite:
Light-colored rocks of lower density
than basaltic rocks
Metamorphic
Rocks:
Rocks that have changed because of
changes in temperature and pressure
or the presence of hot watery fluids
Foliated:
When mineral grains line up in parallel
layers
Nonfoliated:
Mineral grains that grow and
rearrange but don’t form layers
Sediments:
Loose materials such as rock
fragments, mineral grains, and bits of
shell that have been moved by wind,
water, ice, or gravity
Sedimentary Rock:
Forms when sediments are pressed
and cemented together, or when
minerals form from solutions
Compaction:
The pressure of the sediment layers
creating a solid rock
Cementation:
Minerals, such as quartz, calcite, and
hematite are deposited between the
pieces of sediment and act as a glue
to keep the sediments together