Download Science CH. 2 Lesson 2 Minerals Minerals are substances that form

Science CH. 2 Lesson 2
A. Minerals
1. Minerals are substances that form rock.
2. Minerals have 5 main characteristics.
a. There are substances found in the natural world (diamonds).
b. They are made by non-living things.
c. They occur in the form of solids only, not liquid or gasses.
d. They are made of crystals with a structure containing atoms in
repeating patterns.
e. They are made of specific elements in definite proportion.
B. Properties of Minerals
1. Each mineral has physical properties that are used to identify it.
a. You can test the hardness of a mineral by observing how easily it is
scratched and by referencing the Mohs Hardness Scale.
b. A mineral’s color can sometimes help identify it.
c. A mineral’s streak is the color of powder produced when it is
scratched.
d. Luster is the way a minerals surface reflects light.
e. Each crystal has a distinct shape with sometimes is referred to as a
crystal structure.
f. If a crystal along smooth, flat surfaces, it has cleavage.
g. When a mineral breaks along rough or irregular surfaces, it displays
fracture.
h. Some minerals, such as metals have a higher density than others.
2. Some minerals are magnetic, react to acids or interact with light.
C. Mineral Uses
1. Deposits of minerals are called ores.
a. Copper is used to make wires.
b. Iron is used to make steel.
c. Galena is used to make producing led.
2. Gemstones are among the most valuable (diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and
emeralds).
D. Rocks
1. 3 types
a. Igneous rocks: made from molted rock material called magma (on the surfacelava).
1. There are two types of igneous rocks:
a. intrusive: they form inside the earth from magma.
b. extrusive: they form on the surface of the earth from lava.
b. Metamorphic rock: made from solid rocks that are squeezed and heated.
1. There are two types of metamorphic rocks:
•Non-foliated (rocks without a band or layered )
• Foliated (rocks with a band or layered)
c. Sediment rock are formed when grains (any kind) are piled and compressed by
the weight of material above them.
1. There are three types of sedimentary rocks:
a. Classical: takes place when rocks are broken down and piled on top (layers)
b. Chemical: when materials dissolve and form in to rocks.
c. Organic: form from the dead plants and animals and their debris.
d. The series of processes that changes one rock into another is called the rock
cycle.